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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Politics

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "electoral", "coalition", "bilateral", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
candidacy
[noun]

the fact or condition of being a candidate in an election

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electoral
[Adjective]

related to voting, elections, or the process of choosing representatives through voting mechanisms

Ex: The electoral turnout in the last election was higher than expected , indicating increased civic engagement .
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parliamentary
[Adjective]

relating to a form of government where the legislature, known as parliament, has significant control over making laws and monitoring the government

Ex: The parliamentary session begins with the opening speech by the head of state or government .
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congressional
[Adjective]

relating to the United States Congress, which makes laws and oversees the government

Ex: The congressional budget process determines federal spending priorities .
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(in the US) a group of people who represent American citizens in all of the states and who formally cast votes to elect the president and vice president

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a group of people in a specific area who elect a representative to a legislative position

Ex: A survey was conducted to gauge the opinion of the constituency on the new tax reform .
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a ballot filled out and mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is not able to attend the polls

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the head of state in some countries, like Germany

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activism
[noun]

the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

Ex: She has been involved in activism since her teenage years , advocating for gender equality and women 's rights .
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coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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the process by which all the people of a country have the opportunity to vote on a single political question

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a formal ceremony at which a person is admitted to office

Ex: The inauguration festivities included parades , concerts , and fireworks to celebrate the new administration .
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bilateral
[Adjective]

concerning two groups or countries

Ex: A bilateral agreement was reached on environmental protection .
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capitol
[noun]

a building in Washington DC where the Congress assembles

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apolitical
[Adjective]

having no interest or involvement in politics

Ex: The community center served as an apolitical space , welcoming everyone regardless of their political beliefs to engage in recreational activities .
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autonomy
[noun]

(of a country, region, etc.) the state of being independent and free from external control

Ex: After gaining autonomy, the country established its own laws and governance structures .
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autonomous
[Adjective]

(of countries, organizations, regions, etc.) not governed by another force, and is in control of itself

Ex: The organization functions as an autonomous body , with its own executive board and administrative processes .
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the doctrine that separates the state from religious associations

Ex: The rise of secularism has led to more inclusive laws that respect all beliefs .
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an economic and political system in which industry, businesses, and properties belong to the private sector rather than the government

Ex: The collapse of the socialist regimes in Eastern Europe marked a shift towards capitalism in those countries .
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the political belief that promotes personal freedom, democracy, gradual changes in society, and free trade

Ex: Critics argue that liberalism can sometimes overlook the needs of marginalized groups , but its proponents believe that personal freedom and democratic institutions ultimately benefit everyone .
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the practice of gaining total or partial political control over another country, exploiting its resources, and occupying it with settlers

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the political practice of only being concerned with one's home country and not getting involved in international affairs

Ex: The government 's shift towards isolationism was seen as a response to global instability .
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populism
[noun]

a type of politics that purports to represent the opinions and desires of ordinary people in order to gain their support

Ex: The rise of populism in recent years has been attributed to widespread dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and the impact of globalization on local economies and cultures .
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fascism
[noun]

an extreme right-wing political attitude or system characterized by a strong central government, aggressively promoting one's country or race above others, as well as prohibiting any opposition

Ex: The resistance movement fought bravely against the spread of fascism during World War II .
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oligarchy
[noun]

a political system in which a small group of high-powered people control a country or organization

Ex: The rise of oligarchy often leads to corruption and nepotism , as ruling elites prioritize their own interests over those of the broader population .
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feudalism
[noun]

a social and land-owning system in medieval Europe in which people were granted land and protection by a nobleman in exchange, they had to fight and work for him

Ex: The concept of feudalism shaped the political and economic systems of medieval kingdoms .
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idealism
[noun]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

Ex: The teacher encouraged idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .
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demagogue
[noun]

a politician who appeals to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people instead of valid arguments in order to gain support

Ex: Democracy is vulnerable to the influence of demagogues who prioritize their own power over the welfare of the people .
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an organization that consists of countries, parties, or businesses which have formed an alliance to help one another

Ex: The confederation model allows for cooperation and coordination among member states while preserving their autonomy and identity .
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the union of organizations, regions, countries, etc. to form a larger organization or government

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fanatic
[noun]

an overenthusiastic individual, especially one who is devoted to a radical political or religious cause

Ex: The group was led by a fanatic who believed strongly in his radical ideology .
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a strong feeling of love and pride for one's country, often associated with thinking that country is also superior to any other

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a political system in which a central government controls the affairs of each self-governed state

Ex: The principles of federalism were designed to protect the sovereignty of individual states while maintaining a unified national government .
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a system in which one country controls or has influence over other countries, often by winning wars against them

Ex: During the era of imperialism, major powers often competed for control over territories .
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to lobby
[Verb]

to make an attempt to persuade politicians to agree or disagree with a law being made or changed

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry has been lobbying lawmakers for faster drug approval processes .
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nonpartisan
[Adjective]

being politically neutral, unbiased, and not supporting any particular party

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rally
[noun]

a large gathering of the public, especially those supporting a particular political idea or party

Ex: He was arrested during the rally for protesting against government policies he viewed as unfair .
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utopia
[noun]

an imaginary state or location where everything is perfect

Ex: Many people hope for a utopia but find it difficult to achieve in reality .
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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL
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