a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarca
a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dittatore
a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

regime
a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismo, dispotismo
a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

rivolta, ammutinamento
a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

rivolta, insurrezione
a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

sommossa, ribellione
an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

ribellione
the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sedizione, ribellione
a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

fedeltà, lealtà
a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

alleato
the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

liberazione, emancipazione
a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guerrigliero
the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

libertà, facoltà
organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

riforma, riforma sociale
an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, lobbying
an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalizione
a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

servitù, schiavitù
the action of assuming an important position or title

accesso, assunzione
a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastia
making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

maggioritario, sulla base della maggioranza
using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tirannico, oppressivo
(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

sedizioso, seditioso
oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

oppressi, sottomessi
to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

rinunciare, cedere
to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

espropriare, prendere possesso di
(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdicare
to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

comandare, imporre
to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicottare
to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

colonizzare, insediare
to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratificare
to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sanzionare, imporre una pena
to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

annulare
