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Științe Umaniste ACT - Putere și Guvernare

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
monarch
[substantiv]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarh, suveran

monarh, suveran

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
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dictator
dictator
[substantiv]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictator, tiran

dictator, tiran

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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regime
regime
[substantiv]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

regim, guvern autoritar

regim, guvern autoritar

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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despotism
despotism
[substantiv]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotism, tiranie

despotism, tiranie

Ex: The country's descent into despotism led to widespread censorship and political repression. 
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mutiny
mutiny
[substantiv]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

răscoală, revoltă

răscoală, revoltă

Ex: After months at sea with no sight of land, there were signs of a mutiny among the sailors. 
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revolt
revolt
[substantiv]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

revoltă, răscoală

revoltă, răscoală

Ex: The revolt against the oppressive regime lasted for months. 
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uprising
uprising
[substantiv]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

răscoală, revoltă

răscoală, revoltă

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 
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rebellion
rebellion
[substantiv]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

rebeliune, răscoală

rebeliune, răscoală

Ex: The rebellion was sparked by harsh government policies. 
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sedition
sedition
[substantiv]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sediție, rebeliune

sediție, rebeliune

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
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allegiance
allegiance
[substantiv]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

loialitate, fidelitate

loialitate, fidelitate

Ex: His allegiance to the football team was unwavering, attending every match regardless of the weather. 
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suffrage
suffrage
[substantiv]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufragiu, drept de vot

sufragiu, drept de vot

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
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independence
independence
[substantiv]

the state of being free from the control of others

independență, autonomie

independență, autonomie

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
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ally
ally
[substantiv]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

aliat, partener

aliat, partener

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
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liberation
liberation
[substantiv]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

eliberare, emancipare

eliberare, emancipare

Ex: The women's liberation movement fought for equal rights and opportunities in education, employment, and politics. 
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guerrilla
guerrilla
[substantiv]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

gherilă, luptător neregulat

gherilă, luptător neregulat

Ex: The guerrilla fighters used their knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks on enemy outposts. 
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liberty
liberty
[substantiv]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

libertate, voință liberă

libertate, voință liberă

Ex: She took the liberty to choose her own path in life. 
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reform
reform
[substantiv]

a campaign or organized effort to correct wrongdoing, abuses, or malpractices

reformă, campanie de reformă

reformă, campanie de reformă

Ex: The activists launched a reform to improve labor rights. 
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lobby
lobby
[substantiv]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

grup de lobby, grup de presiune

grup de lobby, grup de presiune

Ex: The environmental lobby group lobbied lawmakers to pass stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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coalition
coalition
[substantiv]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coaliție, alianță

coaliție, alianță

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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servitude
servitude
[substantiv]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

servitudine, robie

servitudine, robie

Ex: Many immigrants in the early 20th century faced servitude in sweatshops, enduring grueling hours for minimal pay. 
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successor
successor
[substantiv]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

succesor, moștenitor

succesor, moștenitor

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
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accession
accession
[substantiv]

the action of assuming an important position or title

accesiune, urcare pe tron

accesiune, urcare pe tron

Ex: His accession to the throne was marked by elaborate ceremonies and celebrations. 
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dynasty
dynasty
[substantiv]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastie

dinastie

Ex: The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. 
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majoritarian
majoritarian
[adjectiv]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

majoritar, bazat pe majoritate

majoritar, bazat pe majoritate

Ex: The majoritarian voting system favored by some countries often results in winner-takes-all outcomes. 
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tyrannical
tyrannical
[adjectiv]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tiranic, despotic

tiranic, despotic

Ex: Under the tyrannical ruler's iron grip, innocent individuals were subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, and prolonged detention. 
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seditious
seditious
[adjectiv]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

sedițios, rebel

sedițios, rebel

Ex: The author's seditious writings were banned by the government for advocating for the overthrow of the monarchy. 
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downtrodden
downtrodden
[adjectiv]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

asuprit, calcat în picioare

asuprit, calcat în picioare

Ex: The downtrodden workers protested against unjust working conditions. 
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mandatory
mandatory
[adjectiv]

ordered or required by a rule or law

obligatoriu, cerut

obligatoriu, cerut

Ex: Wearing a face mask in public places is mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. 
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imperial
imperial
[adjectiv]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperial, împărătesc

imperial, împărătesc

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
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naval
naval
[adjectiv]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

naval, maritim

naval, maritim

Ex: The naval academy trains officers for service in the navy. 
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to relinquish

to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

renunța, ceda

renunța, ceda

Ex: For the sake of the team, she chose to relinquish her leadership role. 
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to commandeer

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

requizitiona, confisca

requizitiona, confisca

Ex: During the emergency, the military commandeer civilian vehicles to transport supplies to the affected areas. 
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to abdicate

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdica, a renunța la tron

abdica, a renunța la tron

Ex: The king chose to abdicate the throne in favor of his successor. 
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to enforce

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

a aplica, a asigura respectarea

a aplica, a asigura respectarea

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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to command

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

comanda, ordona

comanda, ordona

Ex: The general commanded the soldiers to hold their positions until further notice. 
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to boycott

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicota, a participa la un boicot

boicota, a participa la un boicot

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
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to dominate

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

domina, controla

domina, controla

Ex: In the competitive business world, companies strive to dominate their market. 
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to usurp
to usurp
[verb]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

uzurpa, prelua ilegitim

uzurpa, prelua ilegitim

Ex: In many tales, evil stepmothers attempt to usurp the rightful place of the princess. 
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to entitle

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

acorda dreptul, împuternici

acorda dreptul, împuternici

Ex: The successful completion of the training program will entitle employees to receive a certification. 
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to colonize

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

Ex: European powers colonized large parts of Africa in the 19th century. 
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to ratify
to ratify
[verb]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratifica, aproba oficial

ratifica, aproba oficial

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
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to sanction

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sancționa, pedepsi

sancționa, pedepsi

Ex: The court sanctioned the corporation for environmental violations. 
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to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anula, respinge

anula, respinge

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 
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to annex
to annex
[verb]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anexa, incorpora

anexa, incorpora

Ex: The emperor sought to annex neighboring provinces to expand his empire's territory. 
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