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Humanitní Vědy ACT - Moc a Vláda

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
monarch
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

panovník, monarcha

panovník, monarcha

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
dictator
dictator
[Podstatné jméno]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktátor, tyran

diktátor, tyran

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
regime
regime
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

režim, autoritativní vláda

režim, autoritativní vláda

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
despotism
despotism
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismus, tyranie

despotismus, tyranie

Ex: The country's descent into despotism led to widespread censorship and political repression. 
mutiny
mutiny
[Podstatné jméno]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

vzpoura, rebelie

vzpoura, rebelie

Ex: After months at sea with no sight of land, there were signs of a mutiny among the sailors. 
revolt
revolt
[Podstatné jméno]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

povstání, vzpoura

povstání, vzpoura

Ex: The revolt against the oppressive regime lasted for months. 
uprising
uprising
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

povstání, vzpoura

povstání, vzpoura

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 
rebellion
rebellion
[Podstatné jméno]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

vzpoura, povstání

vzpoura, povstání

Ex: The rebellion was sparked by harsh government policies. 
sedition
sedition
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

vzpoura, rebelie

vzpoura, rebelie

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
allegiance
allegiance
[Podstatné jméno]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

věrnost, loajalita

věrnost, loajalita

Ex: His allegiance to the football team was unwavering, attending every match regardless of the weather. 
suffrage
suffrage
[Podstatné jméno]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

volební právo, právo volit

volební právo, právo volit

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
independence
independence
[Podstatné jméno]

the state of being free from the control of others

nezávislost, autonomie

nezávislost, autonomie

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
ally
ally
[Podstatné jméno]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

spojenec, partner

spojenec, partner

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
liberation
liberation
[Podstatné jméno]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

osvobození, emancipace

osvobození, emancipace

Ex: The women's liberation movement fought for equal rights and opportunities in education, employment, and politics. 
guerrilla
guerrilla
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

partyzán, povstalec

partyzán, povstalec

Ex: The guerrilla fighters used their knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks on enemy outposts. 
liberty
liberty
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

svoboda, svobodná vůle

svoboda, svobodná vůle

Ex: She took the liberty to choose her own path in life. 
reform
reform
[Podstatné jméno]

a campaign or organized effort to correct wrongdoing, abuses, or malpractices

reforma, reformní kampaň

reforma, reformní kampaň

Ex: The activists launched a reform to improve labor rights. 
lobby
lobby
[Podstatné jméno]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobbistická skupina, tlaková skupina

lobbistická skupina, tlaková skupina

Ex: The environmental lobby group lobbied lawmakers to pass stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
coalition
coalition
[Podstatné jméno]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalice, aliance

koalice, aliance

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
servitude
servitude
[Podstatné jméno]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

otroctví, nevolnictví

otroctví, nevolnictví

Ex: Many immigrants in the early 20th century faced servitude in sweatshops, enduring grueling hours for minimal pay. 
successor
successor
[Podstatné jméno]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

nástupce, dědic

nástupce, dědic

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
accession
accession
[Podstatné jméno]

the action of assuming an important position or title

nástup na trůn, nastoupení

nástup na trůn, nastoupení

Ex: His accession to the throne was marked by elaborate ceremonies and celebrations. 
dynasty
dynasty
[Podstatné jméno]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dynastie

dynastie

Ex: The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. 
majoritarian
majoritarian
[Přídavné jméno]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

většinový, založený na většině

většinový, založený na většině

Ex: The majoritarian voting system favored by some countries often results in winner-takes-all outcomes. 
tyrannical
tyrannical
[Přídavné jméno]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tyranský, despotický

tyranský, despotický

Ex: Under the tyrannical ruler's iron grip, innocent individuals were subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, and prolonged detention. 
seditious
seditious
[Přídavné jméno]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

vzbouřenecký, rebelantský

vzbouřenecký, rebelantský

Ex: The author's seditious writings were banned by the government for advocating for the overthrow of the monarchy. 
downtrodden
downtrodden
[Přídavné jméno]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

utlačovaný, ponížený

utlačovaný, ponížený

Ex: The downtrodden workers protested against unjust working conditions. 
mandatory
mandatory
[Přídavné jméno]

ordered or required by a rule or law

povinný, vyžadovaný

povinný, vyžadovaný

Ex: Wearing a face mask in public places is mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. 
imperial
imperial
[Přídavné jméno]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

císařský, imperiální

císařský, imperiální

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
naval
naval
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

námořní, vztahující se k moři

námořní, vztahující se k moři

Ex: The naval academy trains officers for service in the navy. 
to relinquish
to relinquish
[sloveso]

to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

vzdát se, ustoupit

vzdát se, ustoupit

Ex: For the sake of the team, she chose to relinquish her leadership role. 
to commandeer
to commandeer
[sloveso]

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

zabavit, rekvirovat

zabavit, rekvirovat

Ex: During the emergency, the military commandeer civilian vehicles to transport supplies to the affected areas. 
to abdicate
to abdicate
[sloveso]

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdikovat, vzdát se trůnu

abdikovat, vzdát se trůnu

Ex: The king chose to abdicate the throne in favor of his successor. 
to enforce
to enforce
[sloveso]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

vynucovat, zajistit dodržování

vynucovat, zajistit dodržování

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
to command
to command
[sloveso]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

přikazovat, velet

přikazovat, velet

Ex: The general commanded the soldiers to hold their positions until further notice. 
to boycott
to boycott
[sloveso]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotovat, zúčastnit se bojkotu

bojkotovat, zúčastnit se bojkotu

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
to dominate
to dominate
[sloveso]

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominovat, ovládat

dominovat, ovládat

Ex: In the competitive business world, companies strive to dominate their market. 
to usurp
to usurp
[sloveso]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

uzurpovat, neoprávněně převzít

uzurpovat, neoprávněně převzít

Ex: In many tales, evil stepmothers attempt to usurp the rightful place of the princess. 
to entitle
to entitle
[sloveso]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

oprávnit, zmocnit

oprávnit, zmocnit

Ex: The successful completion of the training program will entitle employees to receive a certification. 
to colonize
to colonize
[sloveso]

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

Ex: European powers colonized large parts of Africa in the 19th century. 
to ratify
to ratify
[sloveso]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratifikovat, oficiálně schválit

ratifikovat, oficiálně schválit

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
to sanction
to sanction
[sloveso]

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sankcionovat, trestat

sankcionovat, trestat

Ex: The court sanctioned the corporation for environmental violations. 
to overrule
to overrule
[sloveso]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

zrušit, překazit

zrušit, překazit

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 
to annex
to annex
[sloveso]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anektovat, připojit

anektovat, připojit

Ex: The emperor sought to annex neighboring provinces to expand his empire's territory. 
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