a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarcha, panovník
a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktátor, vůdce
a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

režim, vláda
a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismus, despotie
a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

vzpoura, rebélie
a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

povstání, vzpoura
an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

povstání, rebelie
the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

seditie, vzpoura
a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

věrnost, loajalita
the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

volební právo, právo hlasovat
a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

spojenec, aliance
the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

osvobození, uvolnění
a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

gerilový bojovník, gerilista
the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

svoboda, liberační právo
organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

reforma, úprava
an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, lobistická skupina
an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalice, spojenectví
a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

otrokářství, poddanství
a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

nástupce, náhradník
the action of assuming an important position or title

nástup, přistoupení
a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dynastie, rod
making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

majoritní, většinový
using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tyranský, despotický
(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

podněcující vzpouru, rebelantský
oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

utlačovaný, potlačovaný
related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperiální, císřevský
relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

námořní, námořnický
to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

vzdát se, zříci se
to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

obsadit, zabavit
(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

vzdát se, abdikovat
to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

příkaz, naléhat
to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotovat, odmítnout
to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

ovládat, dominovat
to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

zmocnit, opravnit
to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

kolonizovat, osídlit
to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratifikovat, schválit
to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

připustit, sankcionovat
to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

překročit, zrušit
to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anexovat, připojit
