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ACT Humanities - Power and Ruling

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
[noun]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

Ex: He collected coins and stamps featuring images of various historical monarchs.
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dictator
[noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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regime
[noun]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.
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despotism
[noun]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

Ex: The transition from despotism to democracy required a prolonged struggle for civil rights and political freedoms .
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mutiny
[noun]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

Ex: The idea of a mutiny started when the troops did n't get their proper pay and benefits .
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revolt
[noun]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

Ex: The revolt spread quickly across the region , gaining support .
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uprising
[noun]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

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rebellion
[noun]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

Ex: The king tried to negotiate with the leaders of the rebellion.
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sedition
[noun]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

Ex: Distributing flyers promoting armed rebellion resulted in charges of sedition against the activist group .
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a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

Ex: The secret society demanded complete allegiance from its members .
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suffrage
[noun]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

Ex: Universal suffrage ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote.
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the state of being free from the control of others

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
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ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a pivotal period in the struggle for racial liberation and equality .
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guerrilla
[noun]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by modern-day guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .
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liberty
[noun]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

Ex: Everyone should have the liberty to follow their own beliefs .
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reform
[noun]

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

Ex: The labor reform campaign sought to strengthen workers ' rights and improve workplace conditions nationwide .
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lobby
[noun]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

Ex: The gun rights lobby mobilized its members to oppose proposed gun control legislation through grassroots campaigns and lobbying efforts .
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coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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servitude
[noun]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

Ex: Human trafficking victims often suffer from prolonged periods of servitude, subjected to physical and psychological abuse .
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successor
[noun]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder 's legacy and lead it into the future .
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accession
[noun]

the action of assuming an important position or title

Ex: After years of training and dedication , his accession to the rank of general was a proud moment for his family .
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dynasty
[noun]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

Ex: Historians study the rise and fall of various dynasties to understand political changes over time .
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majoritarian
[Adjective]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

Ex: Majoritarian tendencies in policymaking can lead to the neglect of marginalized communities.
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tyrannical
[Adjective]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

Ex: Throughout history , societies have risen up against tyrannical regimes in the pursuit of freedom and equality .
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seditious
[Adjective]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

Ex: Seditious acts are closely monitored by law enforcement agencies to safeguard national security and public order .
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downtrodden
[Adjective]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

Ex: The novel tells the story of the downtrodden protagonist who rises against adversity .
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mandatory
[Adjective]

ordered or required by a rule or law

Ex: Attending the annual general meeting is mandatory for all shareholders .
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imperial
[Adjective]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

Ex: The decline of the imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
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naval
[Adjective]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

Ex: Naval architects design ships for various purposes , from cargo transport to military operations .
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to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

Ex: The company had to relinquish its hold on the market .
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to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

Ex: In times of war , authorities have the power to commandeer resources necessary for defense efforts .
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(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

Ex: The ruler is abdicating the throne due to health concerns .
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to ensure that a law or rule is followed

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
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to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

Ex: The coach commands the team to focus on their defensive strategy .
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to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies .
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to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

Ex: The company dominates the tech industry , controlling most of the market share .
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to usurp
[Verb]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

Ex: The prince was accused of trying to usurp his elder brother 's position .
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to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

Ex: Owning property in the neighborhood often entitles residents to certain community privileges .
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to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

Ex: While facing challenges , pioneers were colonizing the unexplored territories .
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to ratify
[Verb]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

Ex: The board of directors met to ratify the merger agreement between the two companies , officially sealing the deal .
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to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

Ex: The government sanctioned the company for tax evasion , imposing penalties and seizing assets to recover the owed taxes .
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to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court can overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .
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to annex
[Verb]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

Ex: The ruler 's ambition was to annex neighboring kingdoms to consolidate his power .
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ACT Humanities
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