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ACT Humanities - Power and Ruling

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
monarch
[noun]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
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dictator
dictator
[noun]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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regime
regime
[noun]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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despotism
despotism
[noun]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

Ex: The country's descent into despotism led to widespread censorship and political repression. 
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mutiny
mutiny
[noun]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

Ex: After months at sea with no sight of land, there were signs of a mutiny among the sailors. 
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revolt
revolt
[noun]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

Ex: The revolt against the oppressive regime lasted for months. 
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uprising
uprising
[noun]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 
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rebellion
rebellion
[noun]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

Ex: The rebellion was sparked by harsh government policies. 
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sedition
sedition
[noun]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
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allegiance

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

Ex: His allegiance to the football team was unwavering, attending every match regardless of the weather. 
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suffrage
suffrage
[noun]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
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independence

the state of being free from the control of others

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
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ally
ally
[noun]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
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liberation

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

Ex: The women's liberation movement fought for equal rights and opportunities in education, employment, and politics. 
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guerrilla
guerrilla
[noun]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

Ex: The guerrilla fighters used their knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks on enemy outposts. 
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liberty
liberty
[noun]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

Ex: She took the liberty to choose her own path in life. 
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reform
reform
[noun]

a campaign or organized effort to correct wrongdoing, abuses, or malpractices

Ex: The activists launched a reform to improve labor rights. 
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lobby
lobby
[noun]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

Ex: The environmental lobby group lobbied lawmakers to pass stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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coalition
coalition
[noun]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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servitude
servitude
[noun]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

Ex: Many immigrants in the early 20th century faced servitude in sweatshops, enduring grueling hours for minimal pay. 
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successor
successor
[noun]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
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accession
accession
[noun]

the action of assuming an important position or title

Ex: His accession to the throne was marked by elaborate ceremonies and celebrations. 
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dynasty
dynasty
[noun]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

Ex: The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. 
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majoritarian
majoritarian
[Adjective]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

Ex: The majoritarian voting system favored by some countries often results in winner-takes-all outcomes. 
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tyrannical
tyrannical
[Adjective]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

Ex: Under the tyrannical ruler's iron grip, innocent individuals were subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, and prolonged detention. 
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seditious
seditious
[Adjective]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

Ex: The author's seditious writings were banned by the government for advocating for the overthrow of the monarchy. 
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downtrodden
downtrodden
[Adjective]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

Ex: The downtrodden workers protested against unjust working conditions. 
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mandatory
mandatory
[Adjective]

ordered or required by a rule or law

Ex: Wearing a face mask in public places is mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. 
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imperial
imperial
[Adjective]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
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naval
naval
[Adjective]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

Ex: The naval academy trains officers for service in the navy. 
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to relinquish

to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

Ex: For the sake of the team, she chose to relinquish her leadership role. 
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to commandeer

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

Ex: During the emergency, the military commandeer civilian vehicles to transport supplies to the affected areas. 
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to abdicate

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

Ex: The king chose to abdicate the throne in favor of his successor. 
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to enforce

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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to command

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

Ex: The general commanded the soldiers to hold their positions until further notice. 
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to boycott

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
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to dominate

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

Ex: In the competitive business world, companies strive to dominate their market. 
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to usurp
to usurp
[Verb]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

Ex: In many tales, evil stepmothers attempt to usurp the rightful place of the princess. 
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to entitle

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

Ex: The successful completion of the training program will entitle employees to receive a certification. 
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to colonize

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

Ex: European powers colonized large parts of Africa in the 19th century. 
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to ratify
to ratify
[Verb]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
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to sanction

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

Ex: The court sanctioned the corporation for environmental violations. 
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to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 
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to annex
to annex
[Verb]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

Ex: The emperor sought to annex neighboring provinces to expand his empire's territory. 
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