Humanidades ACT - Kapangyarihan at Pamumuno

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarko, hari

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

diktador

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

rehimen, awtoritaryan na gobyerno

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismo

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

paghihimagsik

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

paghihimagsik, rebolto

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

paghihimagsik, pag-aalsa

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

paghihimagsik, rebelyon

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

paghihimagsik

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

katapatan, katapatan sa isang layunin

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufrágio, karapatan sa pagboto

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

kaalyado, kasama

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

liberasyon, emansipasyon

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guerrilla, guerrillero

the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's choices, actions, or beliefs

kalayaan

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

reforma, pagpapabuti

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, grupo ng presyon

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalition

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

pagkaalipin

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

kahalili

the action of assuming an important position or title

pagkawasak, pagsasakdal

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastiya, angkan

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

mayorytaryo, nakatataas

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

mapang-api, mapang-alipin

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

paghihimagsik, mabaghag

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

nasa ilalim, nasa patibong

ordered or required by a rule or law

mandatory, kinakailangan

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperyal

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

pandagat, naval

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

bitawan, ipagkaloob

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

kumuha, agawin

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

umabdika

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

ipatupad, ipinatutupad

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

utusan, mangasiwa

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boykot, hindi makilahok

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

mangibabaw, kontrolin

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

agawin, iyakapin

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

bigyan ng karapatan, magbigay ng karapatan

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

kolonisahin, magtayo ng komunidad

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

i-ratify, aprubahan

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

ipataw ang parusa, parusahan

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

bawiin, baligtarin

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

angkinin, isama