a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

quân chủ, vua
a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

nhà độc tài, bạo chúa
a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

chế độ, chính quyền độc tài
a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

chế độ chuyên quyền, sự bạo ngược
a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

cuộc nổi loạn, sự bạo động
a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

cuộc nổi dậy, sự nổi loạn
a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

cuộc nổi dậy, sự khởi nghĩa
an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

cuộc nổi dậy, sự nổi loạn
the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

tội phản loạn, sự nổi loạn
a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

lòng trung thành, sự tận tụy
the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

quyền bầu cử, quyền bỏ phiếu
the state of being free from the control of others

độc lập, tự chủ
a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

đồng minh, đối tác
the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

giải phóng, sự giải phóng
a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

du kích, chiến sĩ du kích
the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

tự do, ý chí tự do
organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

cải cách
an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

nhóm vận động hành lang, lobby
an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

liên minh, khối liên minh
a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

nô lệ, sự phục dịch
a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

người kế vị, người thừa kế
the action of assuming an important position or title

lên ngôi, kế vị
a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

triều đại
making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

đa số, dựa trên đa số
using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

bạo ngược, chuyên chế
(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

kích động, nổi loạn
oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

bị áp bức, bị đè nén
ordered or required by a rule or law

bắt buộc, được yêu cầu
related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

đế quốc, thuộc hoàng đế
relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

hải quân, thuộc về biển
to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

từ bỏ, nhường lại
to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

trưng dụng, tịch thu
(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

thoái vị, từ bỏ ngai vàng
to ensure that a law or rule is followed

áp dụng, bảo đảm tuân thủ
to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

ra lệnh, chỉ huy
to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

tẩy chay, tẩy chay không sử dụng
to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

thống trị, chi phối
to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

chiếm đoạt, cướp đoạt
to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

cho quyền, ủy quyền
to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

thuộc địa hóa, thiết lập thuộc địa
to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

phê chuẩn, chính thức phê duyệt
to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

trừng phạt, phạt
to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

bác bỏ, hủy bỏ
to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

sáp nhập, thôn tính
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