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Humanidades ACT - Poder e governo

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
[substantivo]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarca, soberano

monarca, soberano

Ex: He collected coins and stamps featuring images of various monarchs.
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dictator
[substantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

ditador, autocrata

ditador, autocrata

Ex: After years of suffering under dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .
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regime
[substantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

regime, governo autoritário

regime, governo autoritário

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.
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despotism
[substantivo]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismo, despotia

despotismo, despotia

Ex: The transition despotism to democracy required a prolonged struggle for civil rights and political freedoms .
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mutiny
[substantivo]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

motim, revolta

motim, revolta

Ex: The idea of mutiny started when the troops did n't get their proper pay and benefits .
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revolt
[substantivo]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

revolta, insurreição

revolta, insurreição

Ex: revolt spread quickly across the region , gaining support .
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uprising
[substantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

rebelião, insurreição

rebelião, insurreição

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rebellion
[substantivo]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

rebelião, revolta

rebelião, revolta

Ex: The king tried to negotiate with the leaders of rebellion.
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sedition
[substantivo]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sedicioso, subversão

sedicioso, subversão

Ex: Distributing flyers promoting armed rebellion resulted sedition against the activist group .
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allegiance
[substantivo]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

aliança, lealdade

aliança, lealdade

Ex: The secret society demanded allegiance from its members .
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suffrage
[substantivo]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufrágio, direito ao voto

sufrágio, direito ao voto

Ex: Universal suffrage ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote.
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independence
[substantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

independência, autonomia

independência, autonomia

Ex: Many people strive independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
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ally
[substantivo]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

aliado, camarada

aliado, camarada

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.
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liberation
[substantivo]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

libertação, liberação

libertação, liberação

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a pivotal period in the struggle for liberation and equality .
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guerrilla
[substantivo]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guerrilheiro, guerrilheira

guerrilheiro, guerrilheira

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .
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liberty
[substantivo]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

liberdade, autonomia

liberdade, autonomia

Ex: Everyone should have liberty to follow their own beliefs .
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reform
[substantivo]

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

reforma, reformulação

reforma, reformulação

Ex: The reform campaign sought to strengthen workers ' rights and improve workplace conditions nationwide .
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lobby
[substantivo]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, grupo de pressão

lobby, grupo de pressão

Ex: The gun lobby mobilized its members to oppose proposed gun control legislation through grassroots campaigns and lobbying efforts .
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coalition
[substantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalizão, aliança

coalizão, aliança

Ex: The trade union formed coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .
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servitude
[substantivo]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

servidão, escravidão

servidão, escravidão

Ex: Human trafficking victims often suffer from prolonged periods servitude, subjected to physical and psychological abuse .
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successor
[substantivo]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

sucessor, sucessora

sucessor, sucessora

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder's legacy and lead it into the future.
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accession
[substantivo]

the action of assuming an important position or title

acesso, ascensão

acesso, ascensão

Ex: After years of training and dedication , accession to the rank of general was a proud moment for his family .
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dynasty
[substantivo]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastia, linhagem

dinastia, linhagem

Ex: Historians study the rise and fall of dynasties to understand political changes over time .
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majoritarian
[adjetivo]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

maioritário, majoritário

maioritário, majoritário

Ex: Majoritarian tendencies in policymaking can lead to the neglect of marginalized communities.
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tyrannical
[adjetivo]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tirânico, despótico

tirânico, despótico

Ex: Throughout history , societies have risen tyrannical regimes in the pursuit of freedom and equality .
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seditious
[adjetivo]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

sedicioso, subversivo

sedicioso, subversivo

Ex: Seditious acts are closely monitored by law enforcement agencies to safeguard national security and public order .
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downtrodden
[adjetivo]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

oprimido, subjugado

oprimido, subjugado

Ex: The novel tells the story of downtrodden protagonist who rises against adversity .
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mandatory
[adjetivo]

ordered or required by a rule or law

obrigatório, mandatório

obrigatório, mandatório

Ex: Attending the annual general meeting mandatory for all shareholders .
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imperial
[adjetivo]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperial, imperioso

imperial, imperioso

Ex: The decline of imperial system marked the end of an era in history .
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naval
[adjetivo]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

naval, marítimo

naval, marítimo

Ex: Naval architects design ships for various purposes , from cargo transport to military operations .
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to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

renunciar, abdicar

renunciar, abdicar

Ex: The company relinquish its hold on the market .
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to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

requisitar, comandar

requisitar, comandar

Ex: In times of war , authorities have the power commandeer resources necessary for defense efforts .
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(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdicar, renunciar

abdicar, renunciar

Ex: The ruler abdicating the throne due to health concerns .
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to enforce
[verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

fazer cumprir, impor

fazer cumprir, impor

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
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to command
[verbo]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

comandar, ordenar

comandar, ordenar

Ex: The commands the team to focus on their defensive strategy .
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to boycott
[verbo]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicotar, negociar um boicote

boicotar, negociar um boicote

Ex: The boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies .
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to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominar, controlar

dominar, controlar

Ex: The dominates the tech industry , controlling most of the market share .
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to usurp
[verbo]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

usurpar, usurpar o poder de

usurpar, usurpar o poder de

Ex: The prince was accused of trying usurp his elder brother 's position .
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to entitle
[verbo]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

dar direito, conferir direito

dar direito, conferir direito

Ex: Owning property in the neighborhood entitles residents to certain community privileges .
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to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

colonizar, estabelecer colônias

colonizar, estabelecer colônias

Ex: While facing challenges , pioneers colonizing the unexplored territories .
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to ratify
[verbo]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratificar, aprovar

ratificar, aprovar

Ex: The board of directors met ratify the merger agreement between the two companies , officially sealing the deal .
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to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sancionar, punir

sancionar, punir

Ex: The sanctioned the company for tax evasion , imposing penalties and seizing assets to recover the owed taxes .
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to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anular, revogar

anular, revogar

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .
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to annex
[verbo]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anexar, incorporar

anexar, incorporar

Ex: The ruler 's ambition was annex neighboring kingdoms to consolidate his power .
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