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ACT 人文学科 - 权力与统治

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

君主, 统治者

君主, 统治者

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"monarch" 的定义和意义
dictator

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

独裁者

独裁者

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"dictator" 的定义和意义
regime

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

政权, 专制政体

政权, 专制政体

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"regime" 的定义和意义
despotism

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

专制主义

专制主义

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"despotism" 的定义和意义
mutiny

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

叛乱

叛乱

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"mutiny" 的定义和意义
revolt

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

叛乱, 暴动

叛乱, 暴动

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"revolt" 的定义和意义
uprising

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

起义, 反抗

起义, 反抗

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"uprising" 的定义和意义
rebellion

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

叛乱, 反抗

叛乱, 反抗

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"rebellion" 的定义和意义
sedition

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

煽动

煽动

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"sedition" 的定义和意义
allegiance

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

忠诚,  allegiance

忠诚, allegiance

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"allegiance" 的定义和意义
suffrage

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

选举权, 投票权

选举权, 投票权

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"suffrage" 的定义和意义
independence

the state of being free from the control of others

独立

独立

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"independence" 的定义和意义
ally

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

盟友, 伙伴

盟友, 伙伴

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"ally" 的定义和意义
liberation

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

解放,  emancipate

解放, emancipate

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"liberation" 的定义和意义
guerrilla

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

游击队员, 游击战士

游击队员, 游击战士

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"guerrilla" 的定义和意义
liberty

the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's choices, actions, or beliefs

自由

自由

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"liberty" 的定义和意义
reform

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

改革, 改善

改革, 改善

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"reform" 的定义和意义
lobby

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

游说团, 利益集团

游说团, 利益集团

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"lobby" 的定义和意义
coalition

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

联盟

联盟

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"coalition" 的定义和意义
servitude

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

奴役

奴役

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"servitude" 的定义和意义
successor

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

继任者, 接替者

继任者, 接替者

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"successor" 的定义和意义
accession

the action of assuming an important position or title

继位, 旁听

继位, 旁听

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"accession" 的定义和意义
dynasty

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

王朝, 宗族

王朝, 宗族

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"dynasty" 的定义和意义
majoritarian

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

多数的, 多元化

多数的, 多元化

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"majoritarian" 的定义和意义
tyrannical

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

专制的, 暴虐的

专制的, 暴虐的

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"tyrannical" 的定义和意义
seditious

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

煽动性的, 叛乱的

煽动性的, 叛乱的

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"seditious" 的定义和意义
downtrodden

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

被压迫的, 被虐待的

被压迫的, 被虐待的

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"downtrodden" 的定义和意义
mandatory

ordered or required by a rule or law

强制的, 义务的

强制的, 义务的

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"mandatory" 的定义和意义
imperial

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

帝国的

帝国的

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"imperial" 的定义和意义
naval

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

海军的, 航海的

海军的, 航海的

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"naval" 的定义和意义
to relinquish

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

放弃,  relinquish

放弃, relinquish

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"to relinquish" 的定义和意义
to commandeer

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

征用, 占用

征用, 占用

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"to commandeer" 的定义和意义
to abdicate

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

退位

退位

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"to abdicate" 的定义和意义
to enforce

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

执行, 实施

执行, 实施

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"to enforce" 的定义和意义
to command

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

命令, 指挥

命令, 指挥

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"to command" 的定义和意义
to boycott

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

抵制, 拒绝参与

抵制, 拒绝参与

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"to boycott" 的定义和意义
to dominate

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

统治, 控制

统治, 控制

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"to dominate" 的定义和意义
to usurp

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

篡夺, 夺取

篡夺, 夺取

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"to usurp" 的定义和意义
to entitle

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

赋予权利, 授权

赋予权利, 授权

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"to entitle" 的定义和意义
to colonize

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

殖民, 开拓居住

殖民, 开拓居住

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"to colonize" 的定义和意义
to ratify

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

批准, 正式通过

批准, 正式通过

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"to ratify" 的定义和意义
to sanction

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

制裁, 惩罚

制裁, 惩罚

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"to sanction" 的定义和意义
to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

推翻, 取消

推翻, 取消

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"to overrule" 的定义和意义
to annex

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

合并,  annex

合并, annex

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"to annex" 的定义和意义
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