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Humanidades ACT - Poder y Gobierno

Aprende vocabulario de humanidades del ACT sobre poder y autoridad, incluyendo liderazgo, control, influencia, gobierno, regla, jerarquía y el ejercicio del poder político o social.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
monarch
[Sustantivo]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarca

monarca

Ex: She studied the history of the monarchs who ruled during the medieval period for her research project. 

Ella estudió la historia de los monarcas que gobernaron durante el período medieval para su proyecto de investigación.

dictator
dictator
[Sustantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictador, déspota

dictador, déspota

Ex: Many people fled the country to escape the oppressive rule of the dictator. 

Mucha gente huyó del país para escapar del gobierno opresivo del dictador.

regime
regime
[Sustantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régimen

régimen

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 

El anterior régimen era conocido por sus violaciones de los derechos humanos.

despotism
despotism
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismo

despotismo

Ex: The overthrow of the monarchy marked the end of centuries of despotism in the nation. 

El derrocamiento de la monarquía marcó el fin de siglos de despotismo en la nación.

mutiny
mutiny
[Sustantivo]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

motín

motín

Ex: The idea of a mutiny started when the troops didn't get their proper pay and benefits. 

La idea de un motín comenzó cuando las tropas no recibieron su pago y beneficios adecuados.

revolt
revolt
[Sustantivo]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

revuelta, sublevación

revuelta, sublevación

Ex: History is filled with stories of revolts and uprisings. 

La historia está llena de historias de revueltas y levantamientos.

uprising
uprising
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

levantamiento

levantamiento

Ex: Historians debate whether the uprising was a revolution or a riot. 

Los historiadores debaten si el levantamiento fue una revolución o un disturbio.

rebellion
rebellion
[Sustantivo]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

rebelión

rebelión

Ex: The leaders of the rebellion were captured and put on trial. 

Los líderes de la rebelión fueron capturados y llevados a juicio.

sedition
sedition
[Sustantivo]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sedición

sedición

Ex: Writing articles that questioned the legitimacy of the government led to accusations of sedition against the journalist. 

Escribir artículos que cuestionaban la legitimidad del gobierno llevó a acusaciones de sedición contra el periodista.

allegiance
allegiance
[Sustantivo]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

lealtad

lealtad

Ex: The secret society demanded complete allegiance from its members. 

La sociedad secreta exigía lealtad completa de sus miembros.

suffrage
suffrage
[Sustantivo]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufragio

sufragio

Ex: Universal suffrage ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote. 

El sufragio universal garantiza que todos los ciudadanos adultos tengan el derecho a votar.

independence
independence
[Sustantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

independencia

independencia

Ex: She valued her independence and preferred to make decisions on her own. 

Ella valoraba su independencia y prefería tomar decisiones por su cuenta.

ally
ally
[Sustantivo]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

aliado

aliado

Ex: As an ally, they agreed to assist in military operations and share intelligence. 

Como aliado, acordaron asistir en operaciones militares y compartir inteligencia.

liberation
liberation
[Sustantivo]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

liberación, emancipación

liberación, emancipación

Ex: LGBTQ+ activists continue to advocate for liberation from discrimination and for equal rights under the law. 

Los activistas LGBTQ+ continúan abogando por la liberación de la discriminación y por la igualdad de derechos bajo la ley.

guerrilla
guerrilla
[Sustantivo]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guerrillero

guerrillero

Ex: He joined the guerrilla group to fight for independence and social justice in his homeland. 

Se unió al grupo guerrillero para luchar por la independencia y la justicia social en su tierra natal.

liberty
liberty
[Sustantivo]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

libertad, libre albedrío

libertad, libre albedrío

Ex: Artistic liberty allows creators to express themselves freely. 

La libertad artística permite a los creadores expresarse libremente.

reform
reform
[Sustantivo]

a campaign or organized effort to correct wrongdoing, abuses, or malpractices

reforma, campaña de reforma

reforma, campaña de reforma

Ex: They joined a reform aimed at financial transparency. 

Se unieron a una reforma dirigida a la transparencia financiera.

lobby
lobby
[Sustantivo]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

grupo de presión, lobby

grupo de presión, lobby

Ex: Lobby groups representing the tech industry advocated for policies favorable to innovation and digital privacy. 

Los grupos de lobby que representan a la industria tecnológica abogaron por políticas favorables a la innovación y la privacidad digital.

coalition
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The opposition parties formed a coalition to challenge the ruling party in the upcoming elections. 

Los partidos de la oposición formaron una coalición para desafiar al partido gobernante en las próximas elecciones.

servitude
servitude
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

esclavitud

esclavitud

Ex: Despite legal prohibitions, instances of domestic servitude still persist in some households, exploiting vulnerable workers who have limited recourse. 

A pesar de las prohibiciones legales, los casos de servidumbre doméstica aún persisten en algunos hogares, explotando a trabajadores vulnerables que tienen recursos limitados.

successor
successor
[Sustantivo]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

sucesor

sucesor

Ex: After the professor's retirement, her most promising student became her successor in the department. 

Después de la jubilación de la profesora, su estudiante más prometedor se convirtió en su sucesor en el departamento.

accession
accession
[Sustantivo]

the action of assuming an important position or title

accesión, ascenso

accesión, ascenso

Ex: The prince's accession to the throne brought hope for modern reforms in the kingdom. 

La ascensión del príncipe al trono trajo esperanza de reformas modernas en el reino.

dynasty
dynasty
[Sustantivo]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastía

dinastía

Ex: The business was run like a modern-day dynasty, passed down through three generations of the family. 

El negocio se manejaba como una dinastía moderna, transmitida a través de tres generaciones de la familia.

majoritarian
majoritarian
[Adjetivo]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

mayoritario, de mayoría

mayoritario, de mayoría

Ex: In a majoritarian democracy, the ruling party may have unchecked power, limiting the ability of opposition parties. 

En una democracia mayoritaria, el partido gobernante puede tener poder sin control, limitando la capacidad de los partidos de oposición.

tyrannical
tyrannical
[Adjetivo]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tiránico

tiránico

Ex: Throughout history, societies have risen up against tyrannical regimes in the pursuit of freedom and equality. 

A lo largo de la historia, las sociedades se han levantado contra regímenes tiránicos en busca de libertad e igualdad.

seditious
seditious
[Adjetivo]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

sedicioso, rebelde

sedicioso, rebelde

Ex: Seditious speeches during times of political unrest can escalate tensions and lead to civil unrest. 

Los discursos sediciosos durante tiempos de agitación política pueden aumentar las tensiones y llevar a disturbios civiles.

downtrodden
downtrodden
[Adjetivo]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

oprimido, avasallado

oprimido, avasallado

Ex: The downtrodden community rallied together to demand better access to education and healthcare. 

La comunidad oprimida se unió para exigir un mejor acceso a la educación y la atención médica.

mandatory
mandatory
[Adjetivo]

ordered or required by a rule or law

obligatorio

obligatorio

Ex: The completion of the online registration form is mandatory to participate in the event. 

La completación del formulario de registro en línea es obligatoria para participar en el evento.

imperial
imperial
[Adjetivo]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperial

imperial

Ex: The imperial capital served as the seat of government and cultural center. 

La capital imperial sirvió como sede del gobierno y centro cultural.

naval
naval
[Adjetivo]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

naval, marítimo

naval, marítimo

Ex: The naval base serves as a home port for warships and submarines. 

La base naval sirve como puerto base para buques de guerra y submarinos.

to relinquish

to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

renunciar

renunciar

Ex: He had to relinquish his role as team captain due to injury. 

Tuvo que renunciar a su papel como capitán del equipo debido a una lesión.

to commandeer

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

requisar

requisar

Ex: The rebels attempted to commandeer the radio station to broadcast their message to the public. 

Los rebeldes intentaron requisar la estación de radio para transmitir su mensaje al público.

to abdicate

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdicar

abdicar

Ex: Facing political turmoil, the emperor decided to abdicate to restore stability. 

Ante la agitación política, el emperador decidió abdicar para restaurar la estabilidad.

to enforce
to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: It is important to enforce safety regulations to prevent workplace accidents. 

Es importante hacer cumplir las normas de seguridad para prevenir accidentes laborales.

to command
to command
[Verbo]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

mandar

mandar

Ex: The drill sergeant is commanding the recruits to perform push-ups. 

El sargento instructor está ordenando a los reclutas que hagan flexiones.

to boycott
to boycott
[Verbo]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicotear

boicotear

Ex: The consumers boycotted the company's products due to ethical concerns. 

Los consumidores boicotearon los productos de la empresa debido a preocupaciones éticas.

to dominate

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominar

dominar

Ex: The powerful empire sought to dominate neighboring regions through conquest. 

El poderoso imperio buscaba dominar las regiones vecinas a través de la conquista.

to usurp
to usurp
[Verbo]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

usurpar

usurpar

Ex: The prince was accused of trying to usurp his elder brother's position. 

El príncipe fue acusado de intentar usurpar la posición de su hermano mayor.

to entitle
to entitle
[Verbo]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

dar derecho a

dar derecho a

Ex: Being a citizen of the country will entitle you to certain benefits and privileges. 

Ser ciudadano del país te da derecho a ciertos beneficios y privilegios.

to colonize

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

Ex: The expedition aimed to colonize the remote island and establish a thriving community. 
to ratify
to ratify
[Verbo]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratificar

ratificar

Ex: The union members voted overwhelmingly to ratify the proposed collective bargaining agreement with the company. 

Los miembros del sindicato votaron abrumadoramente para ratificar el acuerdo de negociación colectiva propuesto con la empresa.

to sanction

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sancionar, penalizar

sancionar, penalizar

Ex: The international community sanctioned the country, implementing trade embargoes and diplomatic sanctions. 

La comunidad internacional sancionó al país, implementando embargos comerciales y sanciones diplomáticas.

to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: The speaker of the parliament has the power to overrule certain motions during a session. 

El presidente del parlamento tiene el poder de anular ciertas mociones durante una sesión.

to annex
to annex
[Verbo]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anexar, incorporar

anexar, incorporar

Ex: The kingdom annexed the coastal region to gain access to valuable trade routes. 

El reino anexó la región costera para obtener acceso a valiosas rutas comerciales.

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