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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
monarch
monarch
[іменник]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

монарх

монарх

Ex: The monarch’s coronation was a grand ceremony attended by dignitaries from around the world. 
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dictator
dictator
[іменник]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

диктатор, тиран

диктатор, тиран

Ex: The dictator imposed strict censorship laws to suppress any opposition to his regime. 
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regime
regime
[іменник]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

режим, авторитарний уряд

режим, авторитарний уряд

Ex: The previous regime was known for its human rights violations. 
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despotism
despotism
[іменник]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

деспотизм, тиранія

деспотизм, тиранія

Ex: The country's descent into despotism led to widespread censorship and political repression. 
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mutiny
mutiny
[іменник]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

заколот, повстання

заколот, повстання

Ex: After months at sea with no sight of land, there were signs of a mutiny among the sailors. 
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revolt
revolt
[іменник]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

повстання, бунт

повстання, бунт

Ex: The revolt against the oppressive regime lasted for months. 
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uprising
uprising
[іменник]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

повстання, бунт

повстання, бунт

Ex: The peasant uprising was brutally crushed by the king's army. 
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rebellion
rebellion
[іменник]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

повстання, бунт

повстання, бунт

Ex: The rebellion was sparked by harsh government policies. 
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sedition
sedition
[іменник]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

заколот, повстання

заколот, повстання

Ex: The revolutionary pamphlet was charged with sedition, as it called for citizens to overthrow the government. 
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allegiance
allegiance
[іменник]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

відданість, вірність

відданість, вірність

Ex: His allegiance to the football team was unwavering, attending every match regardless of the weather. 
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suffrage
suffrage
[іменник]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

виборче право, право голосу

виборче право, право голосу

Ex: Some countries still restrict suffrage based on gender, age, or socio-economic status. 
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independence
independence
[іменник]

the state of being free from the control of others

незалежність

незалежність

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
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ally
ally
[іменник]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

союзник, партнер

союзник, партнер

Ex: During the war, each nation relied heavily on its allies for resources and support. 
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liberation
liberation
[іменник]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

звільнення, емансипація

звільнення, емансипація

Ex: The women's liberation movement fought for equal rights and opportunities in education, employment, and politics. 
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guerrilla
guerrilla
[іменник]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

партизан, повстанець

партизан, повстанець

Ex: The guerrilla fighters used their knowledge of the terrain to launch surprise attacks on enemy outposts. 
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liberty
liberty
[іменник]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

свобода, свобода волі

свобода, свобода волі

Ex: She took the liberty to choose her own path in life. 
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reform
reform
[іменник]

a campaign or organized effort to correct wrongdoing, abuses, or malpractices

реформа, кампанія реформи

реформа, кампанія реформи

Ex: The activists launched a reform to improve labor rights. 
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lobby
lobby
[іменник]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

лобі, група тиску

лобі, група тиску

Ex: The environmental lobby group lobbied lawmakers to pass stricter regulations on carbon emissions. 
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coalition
coalition
[іменник]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

коаліція, альянс

коаліція, альянс

Ex: The coalition government was formed by two major political parties to ensure stability and consensus on key policy issues. 
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servitude
servitude
[іменник]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

рабство, неволя

рабство, неволя

Ex: Many immigrants in the early 20th century faced servitude in sweatshops, enduring grueling hours for minimal pay. 
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successor
successor
[іменник]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

наступник, спадкоємець

наступник, спадкоємець

Ex: The CEO announced her retirement and named her longtime deputy as her successor. 
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accession
accession
[іменник]

the action of assuming an important position or title

вступ, зведення

вступ, зведення

Ex: His accession to the throne was marked by elaborate ceremonies and celebrations. 
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dynasty
dynasty
[іменник]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

династія

династія

Ex: The Ming Dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644. 
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majoritarian
majoritarian
[прикметник]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

мажоритарний, заснований на більшості

мажоритарний, заснований на більшості

Ex: The majoritarian voting system favored by some countries often results in winner-takes-all outcomes. 
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tyrannical
tyrannical
[прикметник]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

тиранічний, деспотичний

тиранічний, деспотичний

Ex: Under the tyrannical ruler's iron grip, innocent individuals were subjected to arbitrary arrests, torture, and prolonged detention. 
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seditious
seditious
[прикметник]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

заколотний, бунтівний

заколотний, бунтівний

Ex: The author's seditious writings were banned by the government for advocating for the overthrow of the monarchy. 
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downtrodden
downtrodden
[прикметник]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

пригнічений, потиснений

пригнічений, потиснений

Ex: The downtrodden workers protested against unjust working conditions. 
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mandatory
mandatory
[прикметник]

ordered or required by a rule or law

обов'язковий

обов'язковий

Ex: Wearing a face mask in public places is mandatory to prevent the spread of the virus. 
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imperial
imperial
[прикметник]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

імперський, імператорський

імперський, імператорський

Ex: The imperial dynasty ruled over vast territories and diverse peoples. 
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naval
naval
[прикметник]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

військово-морський, морський

військово-морський, морський

Ex: The naval academy trains officers for service in the navy. 
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to relinquish
to relinquish
[дієслово]

to give up, surrender, or part with a possession, right, or claim

відмовлятися, поступатися

відмовлятися, поступатися

Ex: For the sake of the team, she chose to relinquish her leadership role. 
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to commandeer
to commandeer
[дієслово]

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

реквізувати, конфіскувати

реквізувати, конфіскувати

Ex: During the emergency, the military commandeer civilian vehicles to transport supplies to the affected areas. 
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to abdicate
to abdicate
[дієслово]

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

зректися престолу, відмовитися від влади

зректися престолу, відмовитися від влади

Ex: The king chose to abdicate the throne in favor of his successor. 
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to enforce
to enforce
[дієслово]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

застосовувати, забезпечувати дотримання

застосовувати, забезпечувати дотримання

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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to command
to command
[дієслово]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

командувати, наказувати

командувати, наказувати

Ex: The general commanded the soldiers to hold their positions until further notice. 
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to boycott
to boycott
[дієслово]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

бойкотувати, оголошувати бойкот

бойкотувати, оголошувати бойкот

Ex: Many customers boycotted the store after its poor customer service. 
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to dominate
to dominate
[дієслово]

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

домінувати, панувати

домінувати, панувати

Ex: In the competitive business world, companies strive to dominate their market. 
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to usurp
to usurp
[дієслово]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

узурпувати, незаконно заволодівати

узурпувати, незаконно заволодівати

Ex: In many tales, evil stepmothers attempt to usurp the rightful place of the princess. 
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to entitle
to entitle
[дієслово]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

надавати право, уповноважувати

надавати право, уповноважувати

Ex: The successful completion of the training program will entitle employees to receive a certification. 
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to colonize
to colonize
[дієслово]

to establish control over an area or people, often by settling and exploiting it

Ex: European powers colonized large parts of Africa in the 19th century. 
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to ratify
to ratify
[дієслово]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ратифікувати, офіційно затверджувати

ратифікувати, офіційно затверджувати

Ex: The members of the parliament convened to ratify the newly proposed constitution for the country. 
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to sanction
to sanction
[дієслово]

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

санкціонувати, карати

санкціонувати, карати

Ex: The court sanctioned the corporation for environmental violations. 
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to overrule
to overrule
[дієслово]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

скасовувати, анулювати

скасовувати, анулювати

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 
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to annex
to annex
[дієслово]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

анексувати, приєднувати

анексувати, приєднувати

Ex: The emperor sought to annex neighboring provinces to expand his empire's territory. 
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