IELTS のための語彙 (アカデミック) - 地球規模の問題

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

環境の, エコロジカルな

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

汚染, コンタミネーション

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

貧困

the serious state in which one suffers from lack of food, and may result in death or disease

飢餓, 栄養失調

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

飢饉, 食糧不足

work, particularly difficult physical work

労働, 仕事

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

ジェノサイド

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

グローバリゼーション

a severe economic state that is marked by high rates of inflation, unemployment or depression

経済危機, 経済的危機

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

津波

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

景気後退

the lack of ability to read or write

非識字, 無知識

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

差別

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

難民, 女性難民

the fact or condition of not having a home

ホームレス状態, 無住居

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

平和な, 静かな

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

資金調達イベント, ファンドレイザー

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

ボランティアをする, 自発的に申し出る

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

市民権, 国籍

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

減少する, 削減する

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

森林伐採

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

生態系

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

気候変動

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

地球温暖化, 平均気温の上昇

to use something once more, usually for a different purpose

再利用する, 使い回す

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

保存する, 保つ

a workplace, particularly one in which people produce clothing items, with poor conditions where workers are paid very low wages

搾取工場, スウェットショップ

the process of making waste products usable again

リサイクル

using warfare to achieve a goal

軍事的な, 戦争的な

an amount of money that is spent by a government, company or individual

支出, 支払い

any destruction caused by the nature that results in a great amount of damage or the death of many, such as an earthquake, flood, etc.

自然災害, ナチュラルディザスター