المفردات للاختبار IELTS (أكاديمي) - قضايا عالمية

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

بيئي, طبيعي

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

تلوث, تغيير ضار

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر

the serious state in which one suffers from lack of food, and may result in death or disease

الجوع, سوء التغذية

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

مجاعة, فقر غذائي

work, particularly difficult physical work

عمل, جهد

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

إبادة جماعية

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

العولمة

a severe economic state that is marked by high rates of inflation, unemployment or depression

أزمة اقتصادية, طوارئ اقتصادية

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

تسونامي

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

ركود اقتصادي

the lack of ability to read or write

الأمية, الجهل

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

تمييز

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

لاجئ, لاجئة

the fact or condition of not having a home

التشرد, فقدان المنزل

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

سلمي, هادئ

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

حدث لجمع التبرعات, جمعية خيرية

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

تطوع, عرض المساعدة

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

الجنسية, الانتماء

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

تقليل, خفض

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

إزالة الغابات

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

نظام بيئي

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغير المناخ

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

الاحتباس الحراري, زيادة درجة حرارة الأرض

to use something once more, usually for a different purpose

إعادة الاستخدام, استعمال مرة أخرى

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

يحافظ على, يحفظ

a workplace, particularly one in which people produce clothing items, with poor conditions where workers are paid very low wages

ورشة عمالة رديئة, مصنع عمل شاق

the process of making waste products usable again

إعادة التدوير

using warfare to achieve a goal

عسكري, حربي

an amount of money that is spent by a government, company or individual

إنفاق, مصاريف

any destruction caused by the nature that results in a great amount of damage or the death of many, such as an earthquake, flood, etc.

كارثة طبيعية, مأساة طبيعية