雅思词汇（学术） - 国际问题

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

环境的, 生态的

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

污染, 污染物

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

贫穷

the serious state in which one suffers from lack of food, and may result in death or disease

饥饿, 营养不良

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

饥荒, 食物短缺

work, particularly difficult physical work

劳动, 工作

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

种族灭绝

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

全球化

a severe economic state that is marked by high rates of inflation, unemployment or depression

经济危机, 金融危机

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

海啸

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

衰退

the lack of ability to read or write

文盲, 无读写能力

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

歧视

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

难民, 女难民

the fact or condition of not having a home

无家可归, 缺乏栖身之处

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

和平的, 宁静的

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

筹款活动, 募款活动

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

自愿做, 志愿服务

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

公民身份, 国籍

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

减少, 缩小

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

森林砍伐

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

生态系统

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

气候变化

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

全球变暖, 地球平均温度的上升

to use something once more, usually for a different purpose

重复使用, 再利用

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

保持, 保护

a workplace, particularly one in which people produce clothing items, with poor conditions where workers are paid very low wages

血汗工厂, 剥削工厂

the process of making waste products usable again

回收利用

using warfare to achieve a goal

军事的, 战争的

an amount of money that is spent by a government, company or individual

支出, 开支

any destruction caused by the nature that results in a great amount of damage or the death of many, such as an earthquake, flood, etc.

自然灾害, 天灾