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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS (Akademiko) - Mga Isyung Pandaigdig

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa mga pandaigdigang isyu, tulad ng "kahirapan", "tsunami", "fundraiser", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
environmental
environmental
[pang-uri]

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

pangkapaligiran, ekolohikal

pangkapaligiran, ekolohikal

Ex: Environmental awareness campaigns raise public consciousness about issues like climate change and wildlife conservation .Ang mga kampanya ng kamalayan **pangkalikasan** ay nagtataas ng kamalayan ng publiko tungkol sa mga isyu tulad ng pagbabago ng klima at konserbasyon ng wildlife.
pollution
pollution
[Pangngalan]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

polusyon, kontaminasyon

polusyon, kontaminasyon

Ex: The pollution caused by plastic waste is a growing environmental crisis .Ang **polusyon** na dulot ng basurang plastik ay isang lumalaking krisis sa kapaligiran.
poverty
poverty
[Pangngalan]

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

kahirapan

kahirapan

Ex: The charity focuses on providing food and shelter to those living in poverty.Ang charity ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng pagkain at tirahan sa mga nabubuhay sa **kahirapan**.
hunger
hunger
[Pangngalan]

the serious state in which one suffers from lack of food, and may result in death or disease

gutom

gutom

Ex: He wrote a report on the causes and effects of hunger worldwide .Sumulat siya ng isang ulat tungkol sa mga sanhi at epekto ng **gutom** sa buong mundo.
famine
famine
[Pangngalan]

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

taggutom, kakulangan ng pagkain

Ex: The famine caused great suffering among the population .Ang **taggutom** ay nagdulot ng malaking paghihirap sa populasyon.
labor
labor
[Pangngalan]

work, particularly difficult physical work

paggawa, trabaho

paggawa, trabaho

Ex: She hired additional labor to help with the extensive renovations on her house .Umupa siya ng karagdagang **paggawa** para tumulong sa malawakang pag-aayos ng kanyang bahay.
genocide
genocide
[Pangngalan]

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

genocide, paglilipol

genocide, paglilipol

Ex: Preventing genocide and atrocities is a critical goal of international human rights efforts .Ang pagpigil sa **genocide** at mga kalupitan ay isang kritikal na layunin ng mga pagsisikap sa internasyonal na karapatang pantao.
globalization
globalization
[Pangngalan]

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

globalisasyon,  pagiging global

globalisasyon, pagiging global

Ex: The cultural influence of Hollywood is a major example of globalization in the entertainment industry .Ang impluwensyang kultural ng Hollywood ay isang pangunahing halimbawa ng **globalisasyon** sa industriya ng libangan.
economic crisis
economic crisis
[Pangngalan]

a severe economic state that is marked by high rates of inflation, unemployment or depression

krisis pang-ekonomiya

krisis pang-ekonomiya

tsunami
tsunami
[Pangngalan]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

tsunami

tsunami

Ex: After the earthquake , the government issued an evacuation order due to the risk of a tsunami.Pagkatapos ng lindol, naglabas ang pamahalaan ng utos ng paglikas dahil sa panganib ng **tsunami**.
recession
recession
[Pangngalan]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recession

recession

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .Inihula ng mga ekonomista na ang **recession** ay tatagal ng ilang quarter bago lumitaw ang mga palatandaan ng paggaling.
illiteracy
illiteracy
[Pangngalan]

the inability to read and write

kawalan ng kakayahang bumasa at sumulat, kamangmangan

kawalan ng kakayahang bumasa at sumulat, kamangmangan

Ex: The aid group trains volunteer tutors to reduce illiteracy in refugee camps .Ang pangkat ng tulong ay nagsasanay ng mga boluntaryong tutor upang bawasan ang **kawalan ng kakayahang bumasa at sumulat** sa mga kampo ng mga refugee.
discrimination
discrimination
[Pangngalan]

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

diskriminasyon, pagtatangi

diskriminasyon, pagtatangi

Ex: She spoke out against discrimination after witnessing unfair treatment of her colleagues .Nagsalita siya laban sa **diskriminasyon** matapos masaksihan ang hindi patas na pagtrato sa kanyang mga kasamahan.
refugee
refugee
[Pangngalan]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugee, lipat

refugee, lipat

Ex: The refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .Ang krisis ng **mga refugee** ay nagdulot ng mga talakayan tungkol sa humanitarian aid at global na responsibilidad.
homelessness
homelessness
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of not having a home

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

Ex: She dedicated her career to raising awareness about homelessness and advocating for policy changes .Inialay niya ang kanyang karera sa pagpapataas ng kamalayan tungkol sa **kawalan ng tirahan** at pagtataguyod ng mga pagbabago sa patakaran.
peaceful
peaceful
[pang-uri]

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

mapayapa, tahimik

mapayapa, tahimik

Ex: The meditation session left everyone with a peaceful feeling that lasted throughout the day .
fundraiser
fundraiser
[Pangngalan]

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

pagtataas ng pondo, kaganapang pang-charity

pagtataas ng pondo, kaganapang pang-charity

Ex: The fundraiser exceeded its fundraising goals , thanks to the generosity of donors and the hard work of organizers and volunteers .Ang **fundraiser** ay lumampas sa mga layunin nito sa pagpapalago ng pondo, salamat sa kabaitan ng mga donor at sa masipag na trabaho ng mga organizer at boluntaryo.
to volunteer
to volunteer
[Pandiwa]

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

magboluntaryo,  mag-alok ng serbisyo nang kusa

magboluntaryo, mag-alok ng serbisyo nang kusa

Ex: The group has recently volunteered at the local school to assist with educational programs .Ang grupo ay kamakailan lamang ay **nagboluntaryo** sa lokal na paaralan upang tumulong sa mga programa pang-edukasyon.
citizenship
citizenship
[Pangngalan]

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

pagkamamamayan, nasyonalidad

pagkamamamayan, nasyonalidad

Ex: Dual citizenship allows individuals to hold legal status and enjoy rights in more than one country simultaneously , offering greater flexibility and opportunities .Ang dobleng **pagkamamamayan** ay nagbibigay-daan sa mga indibidwal na magkaroon ng legal na katayuan at magtamasa ng mga karapatan sa higit sa isang bansa nang sabay-sabay, na nag-aalok ng mas malaking kakayahang umangkop at mga oportunidad.
to reduce
to reduce
[Pandiwa]

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

bawasan, pababain

bawasan, pababain

Ex: The chef suggested using alternative ingredients to reduce the calorie content of the dish .Iminungkahi ng chef ang paggamit ng mga alternatibong sangkap upang **bawasan** ang calorie content ng ulam.
deforestation
deforestation
[Pangngalan]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

pagkalbo ng kagubatan, pagtrotroso

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for massive deforestation.Nagproprotesta ang mga aktibista laban sa mga kumpanyang responsable sa malawakang **deforestation**.
ecosystem
ecosystem
[Pangngalan]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosistema, sistemang ekolohikal

ekosistema, sistemang ekolohikal

Ex: Climate change poses a major threat to many fragile ecosystems.Ang pagbabago ng klima ay nagdudulot ng malaking banta sa maraming marupok na **ecosystem**.
climate change
climate change
[Pangngalan]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

pagbabago ng klima, global na pag-init

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .Ang mga epekto ng **pagbabago ng klima** ay halata sa aming nagbabagong mga pattern ng panahon.
global warming
global warming
[Pangngalan]

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

global na pag-init, pagbabago ng klima

Ex: Global warming threatens ecosystems and wildlife .Ang **global warming** ay nagbabanta sa mga ecosystem at wildlife.
to reuse
to reuse
[Pandiwa]

to use something once more, usually for a different purpose

muling gamitin, i-recycle

muling gamitin, i-recycle

Ex: They reused glass bottles as decorative vases for the wedding centerpieces .**Muling ginamit** nila ang mga bote ng baso bilang dekoratibong plorera para sa mga centerpiece ng kasal.
to preserve
to preserve
[Pandiwa]

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

panatilihin, ingatan

panatilihin, ingatan

Ex: The team is currently preserving the historical documents in a controlled environment .Ang koponan ay kasalukuyang **nagpe-preserve** ng mga makasaysayang dokumento sa isang kontroladong kapaligiran.
sweatshop
sweatshop
[Pangngalan]

a workplace, particularly one in which people produce clothing items, with poor conditions where workers are paid very low wages

pawisang pagawaan, pabrika ng pawis

pawisang pagawaan, pabrika ng pawis

Ex: Government regulations and international agreements play a crucial role in addressing the issue of sweatshop labor and protecting the rights of workers .Ang mga regulasyon ng gobyerno at mga kasunduang internasyonal ay may mahalagang papel sa pagtugon sa isyu ng paggawa sa **mga sweatshop** at sa pagprotekta ng mga karapatan ng manggagawa.
recycling
recycling
[Pangngalan]

the process of making waste products usable again

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

pag-recycle, pag-reprocess ng basura

Ex: The city introduced a new recycling program .
military
military
[pang-uri]

relating to the study or principles of warfare

expenditure
expenditure
[Pangngalan]

a sum of money paid or spent

gugol, gastos

gugol, gastos

Ex: Unexpected medical expenditures strained the family 's finances .Ang mga hindi inaasahang medikal na **gastos** ay nagpahirap sa pananalapi ng pamilya.
natural disaster
natural disaster
[Pangngalan]

any destruction caused by the nature that results in a great amount of damage or the death of many, such as an earthquake, flood, etc.

sakuna ng kalikasan, natural na kalamidad

sakuna ng kalikasan, natural na kalamidad

Ex: The tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history .Ang tsunami ay isa sa pinakamapaminsalang **natural na kalamidad** sa naitalang kasaysayan.
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