واژگان آیلتس (آکادمیک) - معضلات جهانی

relating to the natural world and effects of human actions on it

زیست‌محیطی, زیست‌محیطی

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

آلودگی

the condition of lacking enough money or income to afford basic needs like food, clothing, etc.

فقر, تهی‌دستی

the serious state in which one suffers from lack of food, and may result in death or disease

قحطی

a situation where there is not enough food that causes hunger and death

قحطی, خشکسالی

work, particularly difficult physical work

کار سخت

a mass murder committed in order to destroy a particular nation, religious or ethnic group, or race

نسل‌کشی

the fact that the cultures and economic systems around the world are becoming connected and similar as a result of improvement in communications and development of multinational corporations

جهانی‌سازی, جهانی‌شدن

a severe economic state that is marked by high rates of inflation, unemployment or depression

بحران اقتصادی, بحران اقتصادی

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

سونامی, آب‌لرزه

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

رکود

the lack of ability to read or write

بی‌سوادی

the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

تبعیض

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

پناهنده, آواره

the fact or condition of not having a home

بی‌خانمانی, آوارگی

free from conflict, violence, or disorder

درصلح

a social event held with the intention of raising money for a charity or political party

جمع‌آوری اعانه, جمع‌آوری کمک مالی

to offer to do something without being forced or without payment

داوطلب شدن

the legal status of being a member of a certain country

شهروندی, تابعیت

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

کاهش دادن, کم کردن

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

جنگل‌زدایی

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

بوم‌سازگان, اکوسیستم

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغییر آب‌وهوایی, تغییر اقلیمی

the increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect

گرمایش جهانی

to use something once more, usually for a different purpose

دوباره استفاده کردن, دوباره مصرف کردن

to cause something to remain in its original state without any significant change

حفظ کردن

a workplace, particularly one in which people produce clothing items, with poor conditions where workers are paid very low wages

بیگارخانه, کارگاه بهره‌کشی

the process of making waste products usable again

بازیافت

using warfare to achieve a goal

جنگی, نظامی

an amount of money that is spent by a government, company or individual

مخارج, هزینه

any destruction caused by the nature that results in a great amount of damage or the death of many, such as an earthquake, flood, etc.

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