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- 神経系

ここでは、"神経節"、"脊髄"、"太陽神経叢"など、神経系に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Body
brain
[名詞]

the body part that is inside our head controlling how we feel, think, move, etc.

脳

Ex: The brain weighs about three pounds .**脳**の重さは約3ポンドです。
neuron
[名詞]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

ニューロン, 神経細胞

ニューロン, 神経細胞

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .学習と記憶は、**ニューロン**が新しい接続を形成する能力に依存しています。
nerve
[名詞]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

神経, 神経線維

神経, 神経線維

fiber
[名詞]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

繊維, 筋繊維

繊維, 筋繊維

Ex: Damage to the optic nerve fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .視神経の**線維**への損傷は、視力の喪失や障害を引き起こす可能性があります。
spinal cord
[名詞]

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

脊髄, 脊髓

脊髄, 脊髓

Ex: The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and regulates basic bodily functions .脳幹は**脊髄**に接続し、基本的な身体機能を調節します。
solar plexus
[名詞]

(anatomy) a network of nerves in the abdomen and in front of the aorta that contains several ganglia

太陽神経叢, 腹腔神経叢

太陽神経叢, 腹腔神経叢

ganglion
[名詞]

(anatomy) a mass of neurons that form a nerve center in the body outside the brain or spinal cord

神経節, 神経の結節

神経節, 神経の結節

glial
[形容詞]

related to or associated with glia or glial cells in the nervous system

グリアの, グリア細胞に関連する

グリアの, グリア細胞に関連する

plexus
[名詞]

a complex arrangement or network of nerve fibers or blood vessels that intersect and intertwine within the body

神経叢, 神経ネットワーク

神経叢, 神経ネットワーク

interneuron
[名詞]

a neuron that acts as an intermediary between sensory neurons and motor neurons, or between other interneurons

Ex: The interneurons in the spinal cord help to relay signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons , allowing for coordinated movements .
fascicle
[名詞]

a bundle of muscle fibers or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

束, ファシクル

束, ファシクル

motor neuron
[名詞]

a nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements

運動ニューロン, 運動神経細胞

運動ニューロン, 運動神経細胞

pons
[名詞]

a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain and aiding in essential functions like sleep regulation and sensory-motor coordination

橋, 環状隆起

橋, 環状隆起

optic nerve
[名詞]

the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain

視神経, 目の神経

視神経, 目の神経

a cranial nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

混合脳神経, 感覚および運動線維を含む脳神経

混合脳神経, 感覚および運動線維を含む脳神経

ulnar nerve
[名詞]

a nerve in the upper limb that provides sensation and controls muscle movement in the hand and forearm

尺骨神経, 肘神経

尺骨神経, 肘神経

a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell

嗅神経, 嗅覚神経

嗅神経, 嗅覚神経

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles

動眼神経, 共通動眼神経

動眼神経, 共通動眼神経

a complex system of interconnected neurons that processes and transmits information in the body

ニューラルネットワーク, 神経ネットワーク

ニューラルネットワーク, 神経ネットワーク

the fourth cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

滑車神経, 第四脳神経

滑車神経, 第四脳神経

the fifth cranial nerve that provides sensory information from the face and controls the muscles responsible for chewing

三叉神経, 第五脳神経

三叉神経, 第五脳神経

schwann cell
[名詞]

a glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

シュワン細胞, シュワン神経膠

シュワン細胞, シュワン神経膠

facial nerve
[名詞]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression

顔面神経, 顔の表情を制御する脳神経

顔面神経, 顔の表情を制御する脳神経

a cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance

前庭蝸牛神経, 聴神経

前庭蝸牛神経, 聴神経

a cranial nerve responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region

舌咽神経, 頭蓋舌咽神経

舌咽神経, 頭蓋舌咽神経

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling certain muscles involved in head and neck movements

副神経, 第11脳神経

副神経, 第11脳神経

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue

舌下神経, 第十二脳神経

舌下神経, 第十二脳神経

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which enables the eye to move laterally or outward

外転神経, 第六脳神経

外転神経, 第六脳神経

a type of nerve cell extension that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement

運動神経線維, 運動軸索

運動神経線維, 運動軸索

a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating rest, digestion, and other essential bodily functions

副交感神経系, 自律神経系の副交感神経部

副交感神経系, 自律神経系の副交感神経部

nerve cell
[名詞]

a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system

神経細胞, ニューロン

神経細胞, ニューロン

the complex network of the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates bodily functions and processes

中枢神経系

中枢神経系

glial cell
[名詞]

a non-neuronal cell in the nervous system that provides support and protection for neurons, helps maintain homeostasis, and participates in signaling and other important functions

グリア細胞, 神経膠

グリア細胞, 神経膠

a network of nerves and ganglia that connects the central nervous system to the organs, muscles, and tissues of the body, facilitating communication and control

末梢神経系, まっしょうしんけいけい

末梢神経系, まっしょうしんけいけい

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

自律神経系, 植物神経系

自律神経系, 植物神経系

a cluster of nerve cell bodies that mediates communication between the central nervous system and the organs

自律神経節

自律神経節

a network of nerves and ganglia that regulates involuntary bodily functions

自律神経叢, 自律神経ネットワーク

自律神経叢, 自律神経ネットワーク

a network of nerves that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by activating the "fight or flight" response

交感神経系, 交感系

交感神経系, 交感系

the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements and the reception of external stimuli.

体性神経系, 随意神経系

体性神経系, 随意神経系

motor nerve
[名詞]

a type of nerve that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements

運動神経, 遠心性神経

運動神経, 遠心性神経

a network of nerves and receptors that enables the perception of touch, temperature, pain, and body position

体性感覚系, ソマトセンサリーシステム

体性感覚系, ソマトセンサリーシステム

a bundle of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and innervate structures in the head and neck

脳神経, 頭蓋神経

脳神経, 頭蓋神経

spinal nerve
[名詞]

a singular anatomical structure that carries sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

脊髄神経, 脊柱神経

脊髄神経, 脊柱神経

the initial segment of a spinal nerve that emerges from the spinal cord

脊髄神経根, 脊柱神経根

脊髄神経根, 脊柱神経根

a body part that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

感覚神経, 知覚神経

感覚神経, 知覚神経

a nerve cell that transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

感覚ニューロン, 感覚神経細胞

感覚ニューロン, 感覚神経細胞

a nerve fiber that carries sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

感覚線維, 感覚神経線維

感覚線維, 感覚神経線維

the part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information from the body

感覚皮質, 感覚野

感覚皮質, 感覚野

axon
[名詞]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

軸索, 神経突起

軸索, 神経突起

a key nerve responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles and skin of the thigh and leg

大腿神経

大腿神経

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