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Cuerpo - El Sistema Nervioso

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con el sistema nervioso, como "ganglio", "médula espinal" y "plexo solar".

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Words Related to Body
brain
[Sustantivo]

the body part that is inside our head controlling how we feel, think, move, etc.

cerebro

cerebro

Ex: The brain weighs about three pounds .El **cerebro** pesa aproximadamente tres libras.
neuron
[Sustantivo]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neurona

neurona

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .El aprendizaje y la memoria dependen de la capacidad de las **neuronas** para formar nuevas conexiones.
nerve
[Sustantivo]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nervio

nervio

fiber
[Sustantivo]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

fibra

fibra

Ex: Damage to the optic nerve fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .El daño a las **fibras** del nervio óptico puede resultar en pérdida o deterioro de la visión.
spinal cord
[Sustantivo]

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

médula espinal

médula espinal

Ex: The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and regulates basic bodily functions .El tronco encefálico se conecta a la **médula espinal** y regula las funciones corporales básicas.
solar plexus
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) a network of nerves in the abdomen and in front of the aorta that contains several ganglia

plexo solar, celiaco

plexo solar, celiaco

ganglion
[Sustantivo]

(anatomy) a mass of neurons that form a nerve center in the body outside the brain or spinal cord

ganglio

ganglio

glial
[Adjetivo]

related to or associated with glia or glial cells in the nervous system

glial, relacionado con las células gliales

glial, relacionado con las células gliales

plexus
[Sustantivo]

a complex arrangement or network of nerve fibers or blood vessels that intersect and intertwine within the body

plexo, red nerviosa

plexo, red nerviosa

interneuron
[Sustantivo]

a neuron that acts as an intermediary between sensory neurons and motor neurons, or between other interneurons

Ex: The interneurons in the spinal cord help to relay signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons , allowing for coordinated movements .
fascicle
[Sustantivo]

a bundle of muscle fibers or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

haz, fascículo

haz, fascículo

motor neuron
[Sustantivo]

a nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements

motoneurona, neurona motora

motoneurona, neurona motora

pons
[Sustantivo]

a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain and aiding in essential functions like sleep regulation and sensory-motor coordination

puente, protuberancia anular

puente, protuberancia anular

optic nerve
[Sustantivo]

the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain

nervio óptico, nervio de la visión

nervio óptico, nervio de la visión

a cranial nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

nervio craneal mixto, nervio craneal sensitivo y motor

nervio craneal mixto, nervio craneal sensitivo y motor

ulnar nerve
[Sustantivo]

a nerve in the upper limb that provides sensation and controls muscle movement in the hand and forearm

nervio ulnar, nervio cubital

nervio ulnar, nervio cubital

olfactory nerve
[Sustantivo]

a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell

nervio olfatorio, nervio del olfato

nervio olfatorio, nervio del olfato

oculomotor nerve
[Sustantivo]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles

nervio oculomotor, nervio motor ocular común

nervio oculomotor, nervio motor ocular común

neural network
[Sustantivo]

a complex system of interconnected neurons that processes and transmits information in the body

red neuronal, red de neuronas

red neuronal, red de neuronas

trochlear nerve
[Sustantivo]

the fourth cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

nervio troclear, cuarto par craneal

nervio troclear, cuarto par craneal

trigeminal nerve
[Sustantivo]

the fifth cranial nerve that provides sensory information from the face and controls the muscles responsible for chewing

nervio trigémino, quinto par craneal

nervio trigémino, quinto par craneal

schwann cell
[Sustantivo]

a glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

célula de Schwann, neuroglía de Schwann

célula de Schwann, neuroglía de Schwann

facial nerve
[Sustantivo]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression

nervio facial, nervio craneal responsable de controlar los músculos de la expresión facial

nervio facial, nervio craneal responsable de controlar los músculos de la expresión facial

a cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance

nervio vestibulococlear, nervio auditivo

nervio vestibulococlear, nervio auditivo

a cranial nerve responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region

nervio glosofaríngeo, nervio craneal glosofaríngeo

nervio glosofaríngeo, nervio craneal glosofaríngeo

accessory nerve
[Sustantivo]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling certain muscles involved in head and neck movements

nervio accesorio, undécimo par craneal

nervio accesorio, undécimo par craneal

hypoglossal nerve
[Sustantivo]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue

nervio hipogloso, duodécimo par craneal

nervio hipogloso, duodécimo par craneal

abducens nerve
[Sustantivo]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which enables the eye to move laterally or outward

nervio abducens, sexto par craneal

nervio abducens, sexto par craneal

motor nerve fiber
[Sustantivo]

a type of nerve cell extension that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement

fibra nerviosa motora, axón motor

fibra nerviosa motora, axón motor

a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating rest, digestion, and other essential bodily functions

sistema nervioso parasimpático, división parasimpática del sistema nervioso autónomo

sistema nervioso parasimpático, división parasimpática del sistema nervioso autónomo

nerve cell
[Sustantivo]

a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system

célula nerviosa, neurona

célula nerviosa, neurona

the complex network of the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates bodily functions and processes

sistema nervioso central

sistema nervioso central

glial cell
[Sustantivo]

a non-neuronal cell in the nervous system that provides support and protection for neurons, helps maintain homeostasis, and participates in signaling and other important functions

célula glial, neuroglia

célula glial, neuroglia

a network of nerves and ganglia that connects the central nervous system to the organs, muscles, and tissues of the body, facilitating communication and control

sistema nervioso periférico, SNP

sistema nervioso periférico, SNP

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

sistema nervioso autónomo, sistema nervioso vegetativo

sistema nervioso autónomo, sistema nervioso vegetativo

autonomic ganglion
[Sustantivo]

a cluster of nerve cell bodies that mediates communication between the central nervous system and the organs

ganglio autónomo

ganglio autónomo

autonomic plexus
[Sustantivo]

a network of nerves and ganglia that regulates involuntary bodily functions

plexo autónomo, red nerviosa autónoma

plexo autónomo, red nerviosa autónoma

a network of nerves that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by activating the "fight or flight" response

sistema nervioso simpático, sistema simpático

sistema nervioso simpático, sistema simpático

the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements and the reception of external stimuli.

sistema nervioso somático, sistema nervioso voluntario

sistema nervioso somático, sistema nervioso voluntario

motor nerve
[Sustantivo]

a type of nerve that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements

nervio motor, nervio eferente

nervio motor, nervio eferente

a network of nerves and receptors that enables the perception of touch, temperature, pain, and body position

sistema sensorial somático, sistema somatosensorial

sistema sensorial somático, sistema somatosensorial

cranial nerve
[Sustantivo]

a bundle of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and innervate structures in the head and neck

nervio craneal, nervio encefálico

nervio craneal, nervio encefálico

spinal nerve
[Sustantivo]

a singular anatomical structure that carries sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

nervio espinal, nervio raquídeo

nervio espinal, nervio raquídeo

spinal nerve root
[Sustantivo]

the initial segment of a spinal nerve that emerges from the spinal cord

raíz del nervio espinal, raíz nerviosa espinal

raíz del nervio espinal, raíz nerviosa espinal

sensory nerve
[Sustantivo]

a body part that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

nervio sensorial, nervio sensitivo

nervio sensorial, nervio sensitivo

sensory neuron
[Sustantivo]

a nerve cell that transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

neurona sensorial, célula nerviosa sensorial

neurona sensorial, célula nerviosa sensorial

sensory fiber
[Sustantivo]

a nerve fiber that carries sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

fibra sensorial, fibra nerviosa sensitiva

fibra sensorial, fibra nerviosa sensitiva

sensory cortex
[Sustantivo]

the part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information from the body

corteza sensorial, área sensorial

corteza sensorial, área sensorial

axon
[Sustantivo]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axón, neurita

axón, neurita

femoral nerve
[Sustantivo]

a key nerve responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles and skin of the thigh and leg

nervio femoral

nervio femoral

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