Tělo - Nervový systém

the body part that is inside our head controlling how we feel, think, move, etc.

mozek

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

neuron

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nerv

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

svalová vlákna, nervová vlákna

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

míše, míchy

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

axon

(anatomy) a network of nerves in the abdomen and in front of the aorta that contains several ganglia

solární pleteně, břišní plexus

(anatomy) a mass of neurons that form a nerve center in the body outside the brain or spinal cord

ganglium, nervový uzel

related to or associated with glia or glial cells in the nervous system

gliový, gliální

a complex arrangement or network of nerve fibers or blood vessels that intersect and intertwine within the body

plexus, síť nervů

a neuron that acts as an intermediary between sensory neurons and motor neurons, or between other interneurons.

interneuron

a bundle of muscle fibers or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

fascikl, svazek

a nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements

motorický neuron, motorová buňka

a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain and aiding in essential functions like sleep regulation and sensory-motor coordination

most, pons

the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain

oční nerv

a cranial nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

smíšený hlavový nerv, hlavový nerv s aferentními a eferentními vlákny

a nerve in the upper limb that provides sensation and controls muscle movement in the hand and forearm

ulnární nerv, nerv ulny

a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell

čichový nerv, nerv čichu

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles

okohybné nervy, oční nerv

a complex system of interconnected neurons that processes and transmits information in the body

neuronová síť, síť neuronů

the fourth cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

trochlearis nervus, čtvrtý kraniální nerv

the fifth cranial nerve that provides sensory information from the face and controls the muscles responsible for chewing

trojklanný nerv, pátý lebeční nerv

a glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

Schwannova buňka, schwannovská glie

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression

facialis nerv, nerv obličeje

a cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance

vestibulocochleární nerv, sluchový a vestibulární nerv

a cranial nerve responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region

glosofaryngeální nerv, nerveus glossopharyngeus

a cranial nerve that plays a vital role in regulating various bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory control

vagusový nerv, bloudivý nerv

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling certain muscles involved in head and neck movements

přídatný nerv, nerv přídatný

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue

hypoglossální nerv, nervus hypoglossus

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which enables the eye to move laterally or outward

abducens nerv, nerv pro laterální pohyb

a type of neuron that has a single projection, or process, that branches into two directions

unipolární neuron, neurony s jedním pól

a type of nerve cell extension that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement

motorová nervová vlákna, motorové nervové vlákno

a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating rest, digestion, and other essential bodily functions

parasympatický nervový systém, autonomní parasympatický nervový systém

a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system

nervová buňka, neuron

the complex network of the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates bodily functions and processes

centrální nervový systém

a non-neuronal cell in the nervous system that provides support and protection for neurons, helps maintain homeostasis, and participates in signaling and other important functions

gliová buňka, podpůrná buňka

a network of nerves and ganglia that connects the central nervous system to the organs, muscles, and tissues of the body, facilitating communication and control

periferní nervový systém, periferní nervová síť

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

autonomní nervový systém, vegetativní nervový systém

a cluster of nerve cell bodies that mediates communication between the central nervous system and the organs

autonomní ganglium, autonomní nervový ganglion

a network of nerves and ganglia that regulates involuntary bodily functions

autonomní plexus, autonomní nervová síť

a network of nerves that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by activating the "fight or flight" response

sympatický nervový systém

the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements and the reception of external stimuli.

somatický nervový systém

a type of nerve that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements

motorový nerv, nerv motoriky

a network of nerves and receptors that enables the perception of touch, temperature, pain, and body position

somatický senzorický systém, senzorický somatický systém

a bundle of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and innervate structures in the head and neck

hlavový nerv, nerv lebky

a singular anatomical structure that carries sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

míšní nerv, nerv páteřní

the initial segment of a spinal nerve that emerges from the spinal cord

kořen míchového nervu, míchový nervový kořen

a body part that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

senzorický nerv, aferentní nerv

a nerve cell that transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

senzorový neuron, čidlový neuron

a nerve fiber that carries sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

senzorová vlákna, senzorický nerv

the part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information from the body

senzorická kůra, senzorický kortex

a type of neuron that has many processes or projections (dendrites) arising from its cell body, and a single axon that extends away from the cell body

multipolární neurón, neurón s mnoha procesy

a key nerve responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles and skin of the thigh and leg

femorální nerv, nerv femoralis