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Body - The Nervous System

Here you will learn some English words related to the nervous system, such as "ganglion", "spinal cord", and "solar plexus".

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Words Related to Body
brain
brain
[noun]

the body part that is inside our head controlling how we feel, think, move, etc.

Ex: The brain weighs about three pounds .
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neuron
neuron
[noun]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

Ex: Learning and memory depend on the ability of neurons to form new connections .
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nerve
nerve
[noun]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

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fiber
fiber
[noun]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

Ex: Damage to the optic nerve fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .
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spinal cord

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

Ex: The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and regulates basic bodily functions .
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solar plexus

(anatomy) a network of nerves in the abdomen and in front of the aorta that contains several ganglia

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ganglion
ganglion
[noun]

(anatomy) a mass of neurons that form a nerve center in the body outside the brain or spinal cord

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glial
glial
[Adjective]

related to or associated with glia or glial cells in the nervous system

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plexus
plexus
[noun]

a complex arrangement or network of nerve fibers or blood vessels that intersect and intertwine within the body

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interneuron

a neuron that acts as an intermediary between sensory neurons and motor neurons, or between other interneurons

Ex: The interneurons in the spinal cord help to relay signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons , allowing for coordinated movements .
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fascicle
fascicle
[noun]

a bundle of muscle fibers or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

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motor neuron

a nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements

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pons
pons
[noun]

a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain and aiding in essential functions like sleep regulation and sensory-motor coordination

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optic nerve

the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain

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mixed cranial nerve

a cranial nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

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ulnar nerve

a nerve in the upper limb that provides sensation and controls muscle movement in the hand and forearm

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olfactory nerve

a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell

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oculomotor nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles

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neural network

a complex system of interconnected neurons that processes and transmits information in the body

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trochlear nerve

the fourth cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

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trigeminal nerve

the fifth cranial nerve that provides sensory information from the face and controls the muscles responsible for chewing

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schwann cell

a glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

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facial nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression

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vestibulocochlear nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance

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glossopharyngeal nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region

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accessory nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling certain muscles involved in head and neck movements

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hypoglossal nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue

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abducens nerve

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which enables the eye to move laterally or outward

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motor nerve fiber

a type of nerve cell extension that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement

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parasympathetic nervous system

a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating rest, digestion, and other essential bodily functions

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nerve cell

a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system

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central nervous system

the complex network of the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates bodily functions and processes

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glial cell

a non-neuronal cell in the nervous system that provides support and protection for neurons, helps maintain homeostasis, and participates in signaling and other important functions

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peripheral nervous system

a network of nerves and ganglia that connects the central nervous system to the organs, muscles, and tissues of the body, facilitating communication and control

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autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

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autonomic ganglion

a cluster of nerve cell bodies that mediates communication between the central nervous system and the organs

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autonomic plexus

a network of nerves and ganglia that regulates involuntary bodily functions

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sympathetic nervous system

a network of nerves that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by activating the "fight or flight" response

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somatic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements and the reception of external stimuli.

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motor nerve

a type of nerve that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements

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somatic sensory system

a network of nerves and receptors that enables the perception of touch, temperature, pain, and body position

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cranial nerve

a bundle of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and innervate structures in the head and neck

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spinal nerve

a singular anatomical structure that carries sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

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spinal nerve root

the initial segment of a spinal nerve that emerges from the spinal cord

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sensory nerve

a body part that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

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sensory neuron

a nerve cell that transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

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sensory fiber

a nerve fiber that carries sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

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sensory cortex

the part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information from the body

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axon
axon
[noun]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

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femoral nerve

a key nerve responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles and skin of the thigh and leg

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