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身体 - 神经系统

在这里,你将学习一些与神经系统相关的英语单词,如“神经节”、“脊髓”和“太阳神经丛”。

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Words Related to Body
brain
[名词]

the body part that is inside our head controlling how we feel, think, move, etc.

脑

Ex: brain weighs about three pounds .**大脑**重约三磅。
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neuron
[名词]

a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body

神经元, 神经细胞

神经元, 神经细胞

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nerve
[名词]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

神经, 神经纤维

神经, 神经纤维

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fiber
[名词]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

纤维, 肌纤维

纤维, 肌纤维

Ex: Damage to the fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .视神经**纤维**的损伤可能导致视力丧失或损害。
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spinal cord
[名词]

the inner part of the spine containing a mass of nerves that connects the brain to almost all the body parts

脊髓, 脊柱神经

脊髓, 脊柱神经

Ex: The brainstem connects to spinal cord and regulates basic bodily functions .脑干连接到**脊髓**并调节基本的身体功能。
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solar plexus
[名词]

(anatomy) a network of nerves in the abdomen and in front of the aorta that contains several ganglia

太阳神经丛, 腹腔神经丛

太阳神经丛, 腹腔神经丛

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ganglion
[名词]

(anatomy) a mass of neurons that form a nerve center in the body outside the brain or spinal cord

神经节, 神经结节

神经节, 神经结节

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glial
[形容词]

related to or associated with glia or glial cells in the nervous system

神经胶质的, 与神经胶质细胞相关的

神经胶质的, 与神经胶质细胞相关的

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plexus
[名词]

a complex arrangement or network of nerve fibers or blood vessels that intersect and intertwine within the body

丛, 神经网

丛, 神经网

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interneuron
[名词]

a neuron that acts as an intermediary between sensory neurons and motor neurons, or between other interneurons

Ex: interneurons in the spinal cord help to relay signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons , allowing for coordinated movements .
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fascicle
[名词]

a bundle of muscle fibers or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue

束, 纤维束

束, 纤维束

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motor neuron
[名词]

a nerve cell that transmits signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movements

运动神经元, 运动神经细胞

运动神经元, 运动神经细胞

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pons
[名词]

a region in the brainstem that acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain and aiding in essential functions like sleep regulation and sensory-motor coordination

桥, 环状隆起

桥, 环状隆起

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optic nerve
[名词]

the bundle of nerve fibers that carries visual information from the eye to the brain

视神经, 视觉神经

视神经, 视觉神经

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a cranial nerve that contains both sensory and motor fibers

混合颅神经, 包含感觉和运动纤维的颅神经

混合颅神经, 包含感觉和运动纤维的颅神经

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ulnar nerve
[名词]

a nerve in the upper limb that provides sensation and controls muscle movement in the hand and forearm

尺神经, 肘神经

尺神经, 肘神经

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a sensory nerve responsible for the sense of smell

嗅神经, 嗅觉神经

嗅神经, 嗅觉神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the eye muscles

动眼神经, 共同动眼神经

动眼神经, 共同动眼神经

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a complex system of interconnected neurons that processes and transmits information in the body

神经网络, 神经元网络

神经网络, 神经元网络

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the fourth cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

滑车神经, 第四脑神经

滑车神经, 第四脑神经

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the fifth cranial nerve that provides sensory information from the face and controls the muscles responsible for chewing

三叉神经, 第五颅神经

三叉神经, 第五颅神经

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schwann cell
[名词]

a glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms myelin sheaths around nerve fibers

施万细胞, 施万神经胶质

施万细胞, 施万神经胶质

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facial nerve
[名词]

a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression

面神经, 负责控制面部表情肌肉的颅神经

面神经, 负责控制面部表情肌肉的颅神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance

前庭蜗神经, 听神经

前庭蜗神经, 听神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for sensory and motor functions in the head and neck region

舌咽神经, 颅舌咽神经

舌咽神经, 颅舌咽神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for controlling certain muscles involved in head and neck movements

副神经, 第十一对脑神经

副神经, 第十一对脑神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue

舌下神经, 第十二脑神经

舌下神经, 第十二脑神经

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a cranial nerve responsible for controlling the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which enables the eye to move laterally or outward

外展神经, 第六脑神经

外展神经, 第六脑神经

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a type of nerve cell extension that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary movement

运动神经纤维, 运动轴突

运动神经纤维, 运动轴突

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a division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for regulating rest, digestion, and other essential bodily functions

副交感神经系统, 自主神经系统的副交感神经部分

副交感神经系统, 自主神经系统的副交感神经部分

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nerve cell
[名词]

a specialized cell that transmits electrical signals in the nervous system

神经细胞, 神经元

神经细胞, 神经元

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the complex network of the brain and spinal cord that controls and coordinates bodily functions and processes

中枢神经系统

中枢神经系统

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glial cell
[名词]

a non-neuronal cell in the nervous system that provides support and protection for neurons, helps maintain homeostasis, and participates in signaling and other important functions

胶质细胞, 神经胶质

胶质细胞, 神经胶质

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a network of nerves and ganglia that connects the central nervous system to the organs, muscles, and tissues of the body, facilitating communication and control

周围神经系统, PNS

周围神经系统, PNS

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the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls and regulates involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity

自主神经系统, 植物神经系统

自主神经系统, 植物神经系统

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a cluster of nerve cell bodies that mediates communication between the central nervous system and the organs

自主神经节

自主神经节

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a network of nerves and ganglia that regulates involuntary bodily functions

自主神经丛, 自主神经网络

自主神经丛, 自主神经网络

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a network of nerves that prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations by activating the "fight or flight" response

交感神经系统, 交感系统

交感神经系统, 交感系统

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the part of the peripheral nervous system that is responsible for the voluntary control of body movements and the reception of external stimuli.

躯体神经系统, 随意神经系统

躯体神经系统, 随意神经系统

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motor nerve
[名词]

a type of nerve that carries signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, enabling voluntary muscle movements

运动神经, 传出神经

运动神经, 传出神经

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a network of nerves and receptors that enables the perception of touch, temperature, pain, and body position

躯体感觉系统, 体感系统

躯体感觉系统, 体感系统

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a bundle of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and innervate structures in the head and neck

脑神经, 颅神经

脑神经, 颅神经

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spinal nerve
[名词]

a singular anatomical structure that carries sensory and motor signals between the spinal cord and the rest of the body

脊神经, 脊髓神经

脊神经, 脊髓神经

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the initial segment of a spinal nerve that emerges from the spinal cord

脊神经根, 脊髓神经根

脊神经根, 脊髓神经根

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a body part that carries sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

感觉神经, 感官神经

感觉神经, 感官神经

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a nerve cell that transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system

感觉神经元, 感觉神经细胞

感觉神经元, 感觉神经细胞

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a nerve fiber that carries sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

感觉纤维, 感觉神经纤维

感觉纤维, 感觉神经纤维

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the part of the brain that processes and interprets sensory information from the body

感觉皮层, 感觉区

感觉皮层, 感觉区

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axon
[名词]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

轴突, 神经突

轴突, 神经突

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a key nerve responsible for transmitting signals to the muscles and skin of the thigh and leg

股神经

股神经

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