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健康と病気 - 傷害の種類

ここでは「打撲」、「骨折」、「捻挫」などのさまざまな種類の傷害に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
accident
accident
[名詞]

an unexpected and unpleasant event that happens by chance, usually causing damage or injury

事故, アクシデント

事故, アクシデント

Ex: She had a minor accident in the kitchen and hurt her foot. 
bite
bite
[名詞]

a wound or injury inflicted by the teeth of an animal

咬傷, 刺し傷

咬傷, 刺し傷

Ex: The dog bite on his leg required immediate medical attention. 
black eye
black eye
[名詞]

an area of bruised skin surrounding the eye caused by a blow or injury

黒い目, 目の周りのあざ

黒い目, 目の周りのあざ

Ex: She accidentally walked into a door and ended up with a black eye. 
break
break
[名詞]

a fracture in bone or other hard tissue

骨折, ひび

骨折, ひび

Ex: The X-ray confirmed a break in her leg. 
bruise
bruise
[名詞]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

あざ, 打撲傷

あざ, 打撲傷

Ex: After falling off his bike, he noticed a painful bruise forming on his arm, which would take several days to heal. 
wound
wound
[名詞]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

傷, 負傷

傷, 負傷

Ex: The soldier had a deep wound on his leg from the battle. 
scrape
scrape
[名詞]

a minor injury where the top layer of skin gets rubbed or scratched off

擦り傷, かすり傷

擦り傷, かすり傷

Ex: She got a scrape on her knee when she fell off her bike. 
sprain
sprain
[名詞]

a painful injury resulting in the sudden twist of a bone or joint, particularly one's wrist or ankles

捻挫, 挫傷

捻挫, 挫傷

Ex: She suffered a sprain when she landed awkwardly while playing basketball. 
fracture
fracture
[名詞]

a crack or break in a bone or other hard substance

骨折,  ひび

骨折, ひび

Ex: A fracture is a medical term used to describe a crack or break in a bone or hard substance. 
stress fracture

a small crack in a bone, typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the affected area

ストレス骨折, 疲労骨折

ストレス骨折, 疲労骨折

Ex: The runner developed a stress fracture in her shin after increasing her mileage too quickly. 
compound fracture

a bone break that involves the bone piercing through the skin

開放骨折, 複合骨折

開放骨折, 複合骨折

Ex: The accident resulted in a compound fracture where the bone broke through the skin. 
bump
bump
[名詞]

a swelling on the body caused by illness or injury

こぶ, 腫れ

こぶ, 腫れ

Ex: He had a painful bump on his forehead after hitting the door. 
burn
burn
[名詞]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

やけど, 焼け跡

やけど, 焼け跡

lesion
lesion
[名詞]

an injury or wound to living tissue, often involving a cut, break, or trauma to the skin

病変, 損傷

病変, 損傷

Ex: The patient had a small lesion on his forearm. 
rupture
rupture
[名詞]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

破裂, 断裂

破裂, 断裂

Ex: A blood vessel rupture can lead to internal bleeding. 
first-degree burn

a mild burn that only affects the outer layer of the skin

一度のやけど

一度のやけど

second-degree burn

a burn that affects the first and second layers of the skin and appears red, blistered, and can be swollen and extremely painful

第二度熱傷, 二度熱傷

第二度熱傷, 二度熱傷

third-degree burn

a deep and severe burn, caused by contact with heat, radiation, or chemicals, that destroys both epidermis and dermis

三度熱傷, 第三度熱傷

三度熱傷, 第三度熱傷

hobble
hobble
[名詞]

the act of walking with difficulty or a pronounced limp due to pain, stiffness, or impairment in the legs or feet

びっこ, 足を引きずること

びっこ, 足を引きずること

Ex: His hobble was evident after he hurt his foot playing soccer. 
pull
pull
[名詞]

a strain or tear in a muscle due to excessive force, resulting in pain and limited movement

肉離れ, 筋断裂

肉離れ, 筋断裂

Ex: After lifting heavy boxes, he felt a sharp pull in his lower back. 
scab
scab
[名詞]

a dry, protective crust that forms over a healing wound as part of the body's natural healing process

かさぶた, 瘡蓋

かさぶた, 瘡蓋

Ex: After the cut on her knee, a scab formed to protect the healing tissue. 
scald
scald
[名詞]

a burn or injury caused by contact with hot liquid or steam

やけど, 熱傷

やけど, 熱傷

Ex: The toddler suffered a scald from spilling boiling water. 
scar
scar
[名詞]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

傷跡, 瘢痕

傷跡, 瘢痕

Ex: A scar is a permanent mark on the skin that remains after a wound or injury has healed. 
cut
cut
[名詞]

a break or opening in the skin or flesh, often caused by a sharp object or injury

切り傷, 傷

切り傷, 傷

Ex: He had a deep cut on his hand from the broken glass. 
scratch
scratch
[名詞]

a small cut on the skin caused by something sharp, like a fingernail, thorn, or rough surface

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

sting
sting
[名詞]

a painful infliction caused by a small sharp and pointed organ that some insects have and use to penetrate the prey and inject poison

刺し傷, 針

刺し傷, 針

Ex: She felt a sting on her arm after the bee landed on it. 
strain
strain
[名詞]

an injury to a muscle or tendon often caused by overexertion

捻挫, 肉離れ

捻挫, 肉離れ

concussion
concussion
[名詞]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

脳震盪, 脳挫傷

脳震盪, 脳挫傷

Ex: The patient presented with symptoms of a concussion, including dizziness, confusion, and sensitivity to light, after a car accident. 
contusion
contusion
[名詞]

a bruise caused by blunt force trauma without piercing the skin

打撲, 挫傷

打撲, 挫傷

Ex: He had a contusion on his arm from the fall. 
whiplash injury

a neck injury caused by one's neck bending forward and back suddenly and forcefully

むち打ち症, 頚椎捻挫

むち打ち症, 頚椎捻挫

pinch
pinch
[名詞]

the painful result of getting a body part compressed or squeezed between two objects

挟むこと, 圧迫

挟むこと, 圧迫

Ex: The toddler cried when she experienced a pinch in her hand from the toy. 
cauliflower ear

a deformity of the outer ear caused by repeated trauma, particularly common in contact sports like wrestling and boxing

カリフラワー耳, レスラーの耳

カリフラワー耳, レスラーの耳

Ex: The wrestler developed cauliflower ear after years of grappling without protective headgear. 
ulcer
ulcer
[名詞]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

潰瘍, 傷

潰瘍, 傷

Ex: The doctor diagnosed her with a peptic ulcer, which was causing severe abdominal pain and discomfort. 
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