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健康と病気 - 怪我の種類

ここでは「打撲」、「骨折」、「捻挫」などのさまざまな種類の傷害に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
accident
[名詞]

an unexpected and unpleasant event that happens by chance, usually causing damage or injury

事故, アクシデント

事故, アクシデント

Ex: Despite taking precautions , accidents can still happen in the workplace .予防策を講じているにもかかわらず、職場でまだ**事故**が起こる可能性があります。
bite
[名詞]

a wound or injury inflicted by the teeth of an animal

咬傷, 刺し傷

咬傷, 刺し傷

Ex: The veterinarian treated the bite wound on the horse ’s neck .獣医は馬の首の**咬み傷**を治療した。
black eye
[名詞]

an area of bruised skin surrounding the eye caused by a blow or injury

黒い目, 目の周りのあざ

黒い目, 目の周りのあざ

Ex: During a friendly game of basketball , a stray elbow from another player left him with a black eye.フレンドリーバスケットボールの試合中、他のプレイヤーの迷い肘が彼に**黒い目**を残しました。
break
[名詞]

a fracture in a hard tissue, such as bone

骨折, ひび

骨折, ひび

bruise
[名詞]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

あざ, 打撲傷

あざ, 打撲傷

Ex: He was embarrassed to show his friends the bruise on his side , a reminder of his clumsiness during a recent soccer match .彼は最近のサッカーの試合での自分の不器用さを思い出させる、脇腹の**あざ**を友達に見せるのが恥ずかしかった。
wound
[名詞]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

Ex: Even after years , the old wound still ached in cold weather .
scrape
[名詞]

a minor injury where the top layer of skin gets rubbed or scratched off

擦り傷, かすり傷

擦り傷, かすり傷

Ex: The toddler cried after getting a scrape on her cheek while playing in the yard .幼児は庭で遊んでいる間に頬に**擦り傷**を負い、泣きました。
sprain
[名詞]

a painful injury resulting in the sudden twist of a bone or joint, particularly one's wrist or ankles

捻挫, 挫傷

捻挫, 挫傷

Ex: A severe sprain can take weeks to heal , depending on the extent of the injury .重度の**捻挫**は、怪我の程度によって治るのに数週間かかることがあります。
fracture
[名詞]

a crack or break in a bone or other hard substance

骨折,  ひび

骨折, ひび

Ex: The fracture whispered its presence with every step , a reminder of gravity 's relentless pull and the fragility of human resilience .**骨折**は、一歩ごとにその存在をささやき、重力の容赦ない引きと人間の回復力の脆さを思い出させた。

a small crack in a bone, typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse of the affected area

ストレス骨折, 疲労骨折

ストレス骨折, 疲労骨折

Ex: The doctor recommended rest and reduced activity to heal the stress fracture in the athlete 's spine .医者は、選手の脊椎の**ストレス骨折**を治すために休息と活動の減少を勧めました。

a bone break that involves the bone piercing through the skin

開放骨折, 複合骨折

開放骨折, 複合骨折

Ex: Proper first aid is crucial for preventing infection in cases of a compound fracture.**複雑骨折**の場合、適切な応急処置は感染を防ぐために重要です。
bump
[名詞]

a swelling on the body caused by illness or injury

こぶ, 腫れ

こぶ, 腫れ

Ex: Applying ice can help reduce swelling from a bump caused by an injury .氷を当てることで、怪我による**こぶ**の腫れを軽減するのに役立ちます。
burn
[名詞]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

やけど, 焼け跡

やけど, 焼け跡

lesion
[名詞]

a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes

病変

病変

Ex: The athlete visited the sports medicine specialist for an evaluation of a knee lesion sustained during training .その選手は、トレーニング中に膝に負った**病変**の評価のためにスポーツ医学の専門家を訪れた。
rupture
[名詞]

a severe injury that causes an internal organ or soft tissue to break or tear suddenly

破裂, 断裂

破裂, 断裂

Ex: Severe coughing fits can lead to a lung rupture, resulting in difficulty breathing .激しい咳の発作は肺の**破裂**を引き起こし、呼吸困難を引き起こす可能性があります。

a mild burn that only affects the outer layer of the skin

一度のやけど

一度のやけど

a burn that affects the first and second layers of the skin and appears red, blistered, and can be swollen and extremely painful

第二度熱傷, 二度熱傷

第二度熱傷, 二度熱傷

a deep and severe burn, caused by contact with heat, radiation, or chemicals, that destroys both epidermis and dermis

三度熱傷, 第三度熱傷

三度熱傷, 第三度熱傷

hobble
[名詞]

the act of walking with difficulty or a pronounced limp due to pain, stiffness, or impairment in the legs or feet

びっこ, 足を引きずること

びっこ, 足を引きずること

Ex: The soccer player 's hobble was evident after hurting his foot on the field .サッカー選手の**足を引きずる様子**は、フィールドで足を傷めた後には明らかだった。
pull
[名詞]

a strain or tear in a muscle due to excessive force, resulting in pain and limited movement

肉離れ, 筋断裂

肉離れ, 筋断裂

Ex: The dancer took a break to recover from a pull in her calf muscle .
scab
[名詞]

a dry, protective crust that forms over a healing wound as part of the body's natural healing process

かさぶた, 瘡蓋

かさぶた, 瘡蓋

Ex: The scab protected the cut on his chin as it transformed into new skin .**かさぶた**は、新しい皮膚に変わる間、彼のあごの切り傷を保護しました。
scald
[名詞]

a first degree burn resulting from hot liquid or steam

やけど, 一度のやけど

やけど, 一度のやけど

scar
[名詞]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

傷跡, 瘢痕

傷跡, 瘢痕

Ex: Scars may also carry emotional significance , serving as reminders of past experiences or trauma .**傷跡**はまた、感情的な意味を持つことがあり、過去の経験やトラウマを思い出させるものとして機能します。
cut
[名詞]

a break or opening in the skin or flesh, often caused by a sharp object or injury

切り傷, 傷

切り傷, 傷

Ex: The cut was so deep that it bled for several minutes .その**切り傷**はとても深く、数分間出血しました。
scratch
[名詞]

a small cut on the skin caused by something sharp, like a fingernail, thorn, or rough surface

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

sting
[名詞]

a painful infliction caused by a small sharp and pointed organ that some insects have and use to penetrate the prey and inject poison

刺し傷, 針

刺し傷, 針

Ex: The sting was so painful that she had to apply a cold compress immediately .その**刺し傷**はとても痛かったので、彼女はすぐに冷湿布を当てなければなりませんでした。
strain
[名詞]

an injury to a muscle or tendon often caused by overexertion

捻挫, 肉離れ

捻挫, 肉離れ

concussion
[名詞]

a momentary loss of consciousness provoked by a hard blow on the head

脳震盪, 脳挫傷

脳震盪, 脳挫傷

Ex: The doctor ordered a brain scan to assess the severity of the concussion and rule out any potential complications .医師は、**脳震盪**の重症度を評価し、潜在的な合併症を除外するために脳スキャンを命じました。
contusion
[名詞]

an injury that leaves a bruise and causes extreme pain but does not break the skin tissue

打撲, 挫傷

打撲, 挫傷

a neck injury caused by one's neck bending forward and back suddenly and forcefully

むち打ち症, 頚椎捻挫

むち打ち症, 頚椎捻挫

pinch
[名詞]

the painful result of getting a body part compressed or squeezed between two objects

挟むこと, 圧迫

挟むこと, 圧迫

Ex: A protective parent quickly intervened to prevent a pinch on the baby 's cheek .保護者的な親は、赤ちゃんの頬への**つねり**を防ぐためにすぐに介入しました。

a deformity of the outer ear caused by repeated trauma, particularly common in contact sports like wrestling and boxing

カリフラワー耳, レスラーの耳

カリフラワー耳, レスラーの耳

Ex: Young athletes are educated about the risks of cauliflower ear in contact sports .若いアスリートは、接触スポーツにおける**カリフラワー耳**のリスクについて教育を受けています。
ulcer
[名詞]

a lesion or sore on the skin that might bleed or even produce a poisonous substance

潰瘍, 傷

潰瘍, 傷

Ex: The endoscopy revealed an ulcer in the lining of his esophagus , which explained the persistent burning sensation he felt .内視鏡検査により、彼の食道の内壁に**潰瘍**が見つかり、彼が感じていた持続する灼熱感を説明しました。
健康と病気
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