TOEFL のための上級語彙 - Architecture

the study or art of building and designing houses

建築

relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building

建築の

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

セメント

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

木材

a substance that is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, used for fixing bricks and stones in a building

モルタル

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

プラスター

a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building

梁

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

足場

to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it

強化する

to make a building or a piece of furniture look good again by repairing or painting it

リノベーションする

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

基礎

to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position

建てる

a detailed plan or design, typically technical or architectural, that outlines the dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production

詳細な計画

(of a building) to fall apart

崩れる

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

解体する

a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it

解体用ボール

a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth

ブルドーザー

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

ファサード

the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures

石工技術

a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings

アーチ

an apartment on top of a tall building

ペントハウス

a building's roof that is rounded

ドーム

a private room that is mostly used as bedroom

部屋

a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.

テラス

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

カバナ

a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden

ガゼボ

any of the apartments in a condominium

コンドミニアムのアパート

an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings

アーケード

a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.

オーディトリアム

an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

円形劇場

(of buildings) having many floors

高層の

(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone

ゴシック

of characteristics of a highly ornate and detailed style in European art, architecture, or music from the 17th to early 18th century

バロック

reflecting the architectural or decorative style that was common in America during the 18th century, particularly the period it was under British rule

植民地の

denoting or relating to Queen Victoria or her reign from 1837 to 1901

ビクトリア朝の