واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - معماری

the art, study, or profession of designing buildings and other structures

relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

a mixture, typically of sand, lime, or cement, used to bond masonry units together or to coat walls

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

a long, thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete used to support weight in a building or structure

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

to make a material or structure stronger by adding support or extra material

to make a building or a place look good again by repairing or painting it

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

to build, construct, or put up a structure

a detailed technical or architectural plan showing dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production

(of a building) to fall apart

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it

a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures

a curved structure supported at both sides that spans an opening and often supports weight above it

an apartment on top of a tall building

a building's roof that is rounded

a private room that is mostly used as bedroom

a flat outdoor area next to a house, restaurant, or other building where people can sit, eat, or relax

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden

a single dwelling unit within a condominium complex

an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings

a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.

an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

(of buildings) having many floors

(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone

relating to the highly ornate and expressive style of European art, architecture, and music that flourished from about 1600 to 1750

relating to a style of architecture, furniture, or decoration associated with the American colonies before independence

relating to Queen Victoria of Britain or the period of her reign from 1837 to 1901