واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - Architecture

the study or art of building and designing houses

معماری

relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building

وابسته به معماری

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

سیمان

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

الوار

a substance that is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, used for fixing bricks and stones in a building

ملات

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

گچ (معماری)

a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building

تیر‌آهن, تیرچه

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

داربست

to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it

مقاوم ساختن, تقویت کردن، مستحکم کردن

to make a building or a place look good again by repairing or painting it

بازسازی کردن, تعمیر کردن

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

پی (ساختمان), شالوده، اسکلت

to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position

بنا کردن

a detailed plan or design, typically technical or architectural, that outlines the dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production

نقشه ساخت, بلوپرینت

(of a building) to fall apart

فرو ریختن (ساختمان)

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

تخریب کردن, ویران کردن، کوبیدن

a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it

گوی تخریب

a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth

بولدوزر, هموارساز

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

نما (معماری)

the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures

بنّایی

a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings

طاق, قوس

an apartment on top of a tall building

پنت‌هاوس, آخرین طبقه آپارتمان

a building's roof that is rounded

گنبد, طاق

a private room that is mostly used as bedroom

اتاق‌خواب

a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.

تراس

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

کومه ساحلی, کلبه

a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden

آلاچیق

any of the apartments in a condominium

آپارتمان (در یک مجتمع), خانه (در یک مجتمع)

an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings

رواق (معماری)

a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.

تالار اجتماعات, سالن همایش

an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

تالار پلکانی, آمفی‌تئاتر

(of buildings) having many floors

چندطبقه

(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone

وابسته به گات‌ها

of characteristics of a highly ornate and detailed style in European art, architecture, or music from the 17th to early 18th century

به سبک باروک (هنر و معماری)

reflecting the architectural or decorative style that was common in America during the 18th century, particularly the period it was under British rule

مربوط به دوران استعمار آمریکا (سبک معماری)

denoting or relating to Queen Victoria or her reign from 1837 to 1901

به سبک دوران ویکتوریا, مربوط به زمان سلطنت ملکه ویکتوریا