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托福高级词汇 - Architecture

在这里,你将学习一些关于建筑的英语单词,如“建造”、“翻新”、“木材”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
architecture
[名词]

the study or art of building and designing houses

建筑学

建筑学

Ex: She was drawn to architecture because of its unique blend of creativity , technical skill , and problem-solving in the built environment .她被**建筑学**吸引是因为其在建筑环境中创造性、技术技能和问题解决的独特结合。
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architectural
[形容词]

relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building

建筑的,  建筑学的

建筑的, 建筑学的

Ex: The architectural style of the cathedral reflects the cultural influences of the region's history.大教堂的**建筑**风格反映了该地区历史的文化影响。
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cement
[名词]

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

水泥

水泥

Ex: She smoothed the wet cement with a trowel , carefully shaping it into the desired form for the garden path .她用抹子抹平了湿**水泥**,小心翼翼地将其塑造成花园小径所需的形状。
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lumber
[名词]

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

木材, 建筑用木材

木材, 建筑用木材

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mortar
[名词]

a substance that is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, used for fixing bricks and stones in a building

砂浆, 水泥

砂浆, 水泥

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plaster
[名词]

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

灰泥, 石膏

灰泥, 石膏

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beam
[名词]

a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building

梁, 横梁

梁, 横梁

Ex: The architect designed the modern office space with exposed ceiling beams, giving it an industrial-chic aesthetic .建筑师设计了带有裸露天花板**梁**的现代办公空间,赋予其工业别致的美感。
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scaffolding
[名词]

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

脚手架, 脚手架结构

脚手架, 脚手架结构

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to reinforce
[动词]

to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it

加强, 加固

加强, 加固

Ex: In preparation for the storm , residents reinforced their windows with protective shutters .为暴风雨做准备,居民们用防护百叶窗**加固**了他们的窗户。
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to renovate
[动词]

to make a building or a place look good again by repairing or painting it

翻新, 装修

翻新, 装修

Ex: The hotel management chose to renovate the lobby , giving it a modern and welcoming atmosphere .酒店管理层选择**翻新**大堂,赋予其现代而温馨的氛围。
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foundation
[名词]

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

地基, 基础

地基, 基础

Ex: The architect designed the house with a raised foundation to mitigate the risk of flooding in the coastal area .建筑师设计了带有抬高**地基**的房子,以减轻沿海地区的洪水风险。
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to erect
[动词]

to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position

建立, 建造

建立, 建造

Ex: The company planned to erect a solar power plant to harness clean energy for the community .该公司计划**建造**一个太阳能发电厂,为社区利用清洁能源。
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blueprint
[名词]

a detailed plan or design, typically technical or architectural, that outlines the dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production

详细计划, 技术设计

详细计划, 技术设计

Ex: The blueprint included diagrams and annotations for plumbing and electrical systems .**蓝图**包括了管道和电气系统的图表和注释。
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to crumble
[动词]

(of a building) to fall apart

崩塌, 瓦解

崩塌, 瓦解

Ex: Without proper maintenance , the concrete parking garage began to crumble, posing a safety hazard to vehicles below .没有适当的维护,混凝土停车场开始**崩塌**,对下面的车辆构成安全隐患。
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to demolish
[动词]

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

拆除, 摧毁

拆除, 摧毁

Ex: The construction crew will demolish the existing walls before rebuilding .施工队将在重建之前**拆除**现有的墙壁。
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a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it

破坏球, 悬挂在起重机上的重金属球

破坏球, 悬挂在起重机上的重金属球

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bulldozer
[名词]

a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth

推土机, 压路机

推土机, 压路机

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facade
[名词]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

立面

立面

Ex: The urban neighborhood was characterized by its colorful row houses , each with a unique facade adorned with decorative trim and window boxes .这个城市社区的特点是色彩斑斓的排屋,每栋都有独特的**立面**,装饰着装饰性镶边和窗台花箱。
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masonry
[名词]

the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures

砖石工艺

砖石工艺

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arch
[名词]

a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings

拱门, 拱顶

拱门, 拱顶

Ex: The cathedral 's stained glass windows were framed by intricate stone arches, showcasing impressive Gothic architecture .大教堂的彩色玻璃窗被复杂的石**拱门**框住,展示了令人印象深刻的哥特式建筑。
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penthouse
[名词]

an apartment on top of a tall building

顶层公寓, 高楼顶层的豪华公寓

顶层公寓, 高楼顶层的豪华公寓

Ex: They stayed in a penthouse suite during their vacation , enjoying unparalleled luxury .他们在度假期间住在一间**顶层公寓**套房,享受着无与伦比的奢华。
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dome
[名词]

a building's roof that is rounded

圆顶, 穹顶

圆顶, 穹顶

Ex: The museum 's rotunda was capped with a soaring dome, creating an impressive architectural focal point .博物馆的圆形大厅上覆盖着一个高耸的**圆顶**,形成了一个令人印象深刻的建筑焦点。
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chamber
[名词]

a private room that is mostly used as bedroom

房间, 卧室

房间, 卧室

Ex: Guests were forbidden from entering the royal chamber without permission .未经许可,客人不得进入皇家**寝室**。
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terrace
[名词]

a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.

露台, 阳台

露台, 阳台

Ex: She enjoyed reading on the sunny terrace.她喜欢在阳光明媚的**露台**上阅读。
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cabana
[名词]

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

小屋, 凉棚

小屋, 凉棚

Ex: As the sun began to set , they lit candles in the cabana, transforming it into a romantic oasis by the sea .当太阳开始落山时,他们在**小屋**里点燃了蜡烛,将其变成了海边浪漫的绿洲。
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gazebo
[名词]

a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden

凉亭, 亭子

凉亭, 亭子

Ex: The new gazebo in the backyard became the perfect spot for evening tea and watching the sunset .后院的新**凉亭**成为了傍晚喝茶和观看日落的完美地点。
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condominium
[名词]

any of the apartments in a condominium

公寓中的一套公寓, 公寓

公寓中的一套公寓, 公寓

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arcade
[名词]

an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings

拱廊, 拱形通道

拱廊, 拱形通道

Ex: The historic arcade, with its elegant arches and cobblestone floor , remains a favorite spot for tourists to explore the city ’s rich architectural heritage .历史悠久的**拱廊**,以其优雅的拱门和鹅卵石地面,仍然是游客探索城市丰富建筑遗产的最爱之地。
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auditorium
[名词]

a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.

礼堂, 音乐厅

礼堂, 音乐厅

Ex: The theater 's auditorium was designed to enhance acoustics for live performances .剧院的**礼堂**旨在为现场表演增强音响效果。
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amphitheater
[名词]

an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

圆形剧场, 竞技场

圆形剧场, 竞技场

Ex: Visitors could explore the remnants of the old amphitheater during their tour of the ancient city .游客在参观古城时可以探索旧**圆形剧场**的遗迹。
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high-rise
[形容词]

(of buildings) having many floors

高层的, 摩天大楼的

高层的, 摩天大楼的

Ex: The company relocated its headquarters to a high-rise tower for better visibility.该公司将其总部迁至**高层**塔楼以获得更好的可见性。
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Gothic
[形容词]

(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone

哥特式的, 哥特风格的

哥特式的, 哥特风格的

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Baroque
[形容词]

of characteristics of a highly ornate and detailed style in European art, architecture, or music from the 17th to early 18th century

巴洛克

巴洛克

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colonial
[形容词]

reflecting the architectural or decorative style that was common in America during the 18th century, particularly the period it was under British rule

殖民时期的

殖民时期的

Ex: The colonial architecture in the city reflects the influence of European settlers who once inhabited the area.城市中的**殖民**建筑反映了曾经居住在该地区的欧洲定居者的影响。
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Victorian
[形容词]

denoting or relating to Queen Victoria or her reign from 1837 to 1901

维多利亚时代的

维多利亚时代的

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