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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Architecture

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o architektuře, jako jsou "postavit", "zrekonstruovat", "dřevo" apod., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
architecture
architecture
[Podstatné jméno]

the study or art of building and designing houses

architektura

architektura

Ex: She decided to study architecture because she was fascinated by the art and science of designing buildings. 
architectural
architectural
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building

architektonický,  stavební

architektonický, stavební

Ex: The city skyline is a testament to its rich architectural heritage, featuring a blend of modern skyscrapers and historic landmarks. 
cement
cement
[Podstatné jméno]

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

cement

cement

Ex: The construction crew poured cement into the foundation trenches, beginning the process of building the new house. 
lumber
lumber
[Podstatné jméno]

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

řezivo, stavební dřevo

řezivo, stavební dřevo

mortar
mortar
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture, typically of sand, lime, or cement, used to bond masonry units together or to coat walls

malta, cementová malta

malta, cementová malta

Ex: The mason spread mortar between the bricks. 
plaster
plaster
[Podstatné jméno]

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

omítka, sádra

omítka, sádra

beam
beam
[Podstatné jméno]

a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building

nosník, trám

nosník, trám

Ex: The construction workers carefully lifted the steel beam into place, securing it to the framework of the building. 
scaffolding
scaffolding
[Podstatné jméno]

a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building

lešení, konstrukce lešení

lešení, konstrukce lešení

to reinforce
to reinforce
[sloveso]

to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it

posílit, zesílit

posílit, zesílit

Ex: The builder decided to reinforce the foundation of the house by adding additional support beams. 
to renovate
to renovate
[sloveso]

to make a building or a place look good again by repairing or painting it

renovovat, opravit

renovovat, opravit

Ex: The homeowners decided to renovate their kitchen, installing new cabinets and countertops. 
foundation
foundation
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building

základ, nadace

základ, nadace

Ex: The construction crew poured concrete to create a solid foundation for the new office building. 
to erect
to erect
[sloveso]

to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position

postavit, stavět

postavit, stavět

Ex: The construction crew worked diligently to erect a new office building in the city center. 
blueprint
blueprint
[Podstatné jméno]

a detailed technical or architectural plan showing dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production

podrobný plán, technický plán

podrobný plán, technický plán

Ex: The architect drew a blueprint for the new library. 
to crumble
to crumble
[sloveso]

(of a building) to fall apart

zřítit se, rozpadat se

zřítit se, rozpadat se

Ex: After years of neglect, the old abandoned house began to crumble, its walls giving way to the elements. 
to demolish
to demolish
[sloveso]

to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure

zbořit, zničit

zbořit, zničit

Ex: The old factory was demolished to make way for a new development. 
wrecking ball
wrecking ball
[Podstatné jméno]

a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it

demoliční koule, těžká kovová koule visící z jeřábu

demoliční koule, těžká kovová koule visící z jeřábu

bulldozer
bulldozer
[Podstatné jméno]

a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth

buldozer, odhrnovač

buldozer, odhrnovač

facade
facade
[Podstatné jméno]

the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance

průčelí

průčelí

Ex: The facade of the historic building was adorned with intricate carvings and ornate details, showcasing the craftsmanship of its era. 
masonry
masonry
[Podstatné jméno]

the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures

zdění

zdění

arch
arch
[Podstatné jméno]

a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings

oblouk, klenba

oblouk, klenba

Ex: The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is a famous example of a suspension bridge with massive arches. 
penthouse
penthouse
[Podstatné jméno]

an apartment on top of a tall building

penthouse, luxusní byt v nejvyšším patře budovy

penthouse, luxusní byt v nejvyšším patře budovy

Ex: She moved into a penthouse with stunning views of the city skyline. 
dome
dome
[Podstatné jméno]

a building's roof that is rounded

kopule, kupole

kopule, kupole

Ex: The majestic cathedral was topped with a towering dome that gleamed in the sunlight. 
chamber
chamber
[Podstatné jméno]

a private room that is mostly used as bedroom

komnata, ložnice

komnata, ložnice

Ex: The queen retired to her chamber after the banquet. 
terrace
terrace
[Podstatné jméno]

a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.

terasa, balkon

terasa, balkon

Ex: They had lunch on the restaurant's terrace. 
cabana
cabana
[Podstatné jméno]

a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach

chata, kabina

chata, kabina

Ex: The resort's cabanas lined the poolside, offering guests a private retreat to relax in the shade. 
gazebo
gazebo
[Podstatné jméno]

a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden

altán, pavilon

altán, pavilon

Ex: The couple exchanged their wedding vows under a beautifully decorated gazebo in the garden. 
condominium
condominium
[Podstatné jméno]

a single dwelling unit within a condominium complex

byt v kondominiu, kondominium

byt v kondominiu, kondominium

Ex: She bought a condominium on the top floor of the building. 
arcade
arcade
[Podstatné jméno]

an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings

krytý průchod, klenutá galerie

krytý průchod, klenutá galerie

Ex: The old arcade has stood the test of time, with its stone arches providing a historic charm to the modern city. 
auditorium
auditorium
[Podstatné jméno]

a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.

auditorium, koncertní sál

auditorium, koncertní sál

Ex: The concert was held in the grand auditorium downtown. 
amphitheater
amphitheater
[Podstatné jméno]

an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama

amfiteátr, aréna

amfiteátr, aréna

Ex: Tourists marveled at the ruins of the ancient Greek amphitheater. 
high-rise
high-rise
[Přídavné jméno]

(of buildings) having many floors

vysoký, mrakodrap

vysoký, mrakodrap

Ex: They moved into a high-rise apartment with a stunning view of the city. 
Gothic
Gothic
[Přídavné jméno]

(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone

gotický, v gotickém stylu

gotický, v gotickém stylu

Baroque
Baroque
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the highly ornate and expressive style of European art, architecture, and music that flourished from about 1600 to 1750

barokní, barokní

barokní, barokní

Ex: Bach's fugues are masterpieces of Baroque musical complexity. 
colonial
colonial
[Přídavné jméno]

reflecting the style of architecture or decoration typical in 18th-century America under British influence

koloniální, v koloniálním stylu

koloniální, v koloniálním stylu

Ex: The colonial architecture in the city reflects the influence of European settlers who once inhabited the area. 
Victorian
Victorian
[Přídavné jméno]

denoting or relating to Queen Victoria or her reign from 1837 to 1901

viktoriánský

viktoriánský

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