Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - Sociedade e questões sociais

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

classe, categoria

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocracia

belonging to the highest social or political class

nobre, aristocrático

related to the citizens of a country

civil, cívico

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

cidadão, cidadã

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

status, posição

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

bem-estar, assistência social

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

tolerância

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

filantropia

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

sexualidade, sexo

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

gênero, sexo

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

feminino, feminina

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

masculino, viril

the movement that supports equal treatment of men and women and believes women should have the same rights and opportunities

feminismo

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

raça, etnia

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicidade, pertencimento étnico

relating to or involving several different cultures

multicultural, multiculturais

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

aldeia global, vila global

a situation where there is a lack of fairness or equal treatment between individuals or groups

desigualdade

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

gap de gênero, desigualdade de gênero

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

discriminar, fazer discriminação

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

diversidade, variedade

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

superior, melhor

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

inferior, menor

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregação, isolamento

the fact or condition of not having a home

falta de habitação, desabrigo

an unfair treatment based on the belief that one gender, particularly female, is weaker, less intelligent, or less important than the other

sexismo, discriminação de gênero

the unjust or violent behavior toward people because their race is different form one's own

racismo

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolismo

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

dependência, vício

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

manifestação, demonstrativo

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoria, grupo minoritário

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

preconceito, prejuízo

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

fome, subnutrição

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

favela, bairro pobre

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

abrigo, refúgio

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugiado, refugiada

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serviço comunitário, trabalho comunitário

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

trabalhador social, assistente social