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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Lipunan at Mga Isyung Panlipunan

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa lipunan at mga isyung panlipunan, tulad ng "aristokrasya", "pagpapaubaya", "feminismo", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Flashcards

Pagbaybay

Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class
class
[Pangngalan]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

klase, antas panlipunan

klase, antas panlipunan

Ex: He was born into an upper class family. 
aristocracy
aristocracy
[Pangngalan]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrasya, maharlika

aristokrasya, maharlika

Ex: The event was attended by members of the aristocracy in elegant attire. 

Ang kaganapan ay dinaluhan ng mga miyembro ng aristokrasya sa eleganteng kasuotan.

noble
noble
[pang-uri]

belonging to a hereditary social class of high rank

maharlika,  marangal

maharlika, marangal

Ex: Emma was born into a noble family with a long history in the region. 
civil
civil
[pang-uri]

related to the citizens of a country

sibil, pangmamamayan

sibil, pangmamamayan

Ex: Civil rights movements advocate for equality and justice for all citizens. 

Ang mga kilusang karapatang sibil ay nagtataguyod ng pagkakapantay-pantay at katarungan para sa lahat ng mamamayan.

citizen
citizen
[Pangngalan]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

mamamayan, nasyonal

mamamayan, nasyonal

Ex: The law applies to all citizens, regardless of their background. 
status
status
[Pangngalan]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

katayuan, posisyon

katayuan, posisyon

Ex: Her status as a respected scientist was well-deserved. 

Ang kanyang katayuan bilang isang iginagalang na siyentipiko ay nararapat.

welfare
welfare
[Pangngalan]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

kagalingan, tulong panlipunan

kagalingan, tulong panlipunan

Ex: He applied for welfare after his injury prevented him from working. 
tolerance
tolerance
[Pangngalan]

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

pagpapaubaya

pagpapaubaya

Ex: The community prided itself on its tolerance, welcoming people of all backgrounds and beliefs. 

Ang komunidad ay ipinagmamalaki ang kanilang pagpaparaya, na tinatanggap ang mga tao mula sa lahat ng pinagmulan at paniniwala.

philanthropy
philanthropy
[Pangngalan]

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

pilantropiya

pilantropiya

Ex: Her philanthropy funded new schools. 

Ang kanyang pilantropiya ay nagpondo ng mga bagong paaralan.

sexuality
sexuality
[Pangngalan]

the feelings, attitudes, behaviors, and activities connected with sex and sexual desire

sekswalidad,  seksuwalidad

sekswalidad, seksuwalidad

Ex: The course explores how culture influences human sexuality. 
gender
gender
[Pangngalan]

the social or personal identity of being male, female, nonbinary, or another category

kasarian,  pagkakakilanlang pangkasarian

kasarian, pagkakakilanlang pangkasarian

Ex: The application asks users to select their gender. 
feminine
feminine
[pang-uri]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

pambabae, feminina

pambabae, feminina

Ex: The feminine dress was adorned with delicate lace and pastel colors. 

Ang pambabae na damit ay pinalamutian ng maselang laso at mga kulay pastel.

masculine
masculine
[pang-uri]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

panlalaki, masculino

panlalaki, masculino

Ex: The masculine physique of the bodybuilder was evident in his strong muscles and broad shoulders. 

Ang panlalaki na pangangatawan ng bodybuilder ay halata sa kanyang malakas na mga kalamnan at malapad na mga balikat.

feminism
feminism
[Pangngalan]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

peminismo, kilusang peminista

peminismo, kilusang peminista

Ex: She learned about feminism in school. 

Natutunan niya ang tungkol sa feminismo sa paaralan.

race
race
[Pangngalan]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

lahi, pangkat etniko

lahi, pangkat etniko

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 
ethnicity
ethnicity
[Pangngalan]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnisidad

etnisidad

Ex: The census form asked respondents to indicate their ethnicity. 

Hiniling sa census form ang mga sumagot na ipahiwatig ang kanilang etnisidad.

multicultural
multicultural
[pang-uri]

relating to or involving several different cultures

multikultural

multikultural

Ex: The city is known for its vibrant and multicultural population. 

Ang lungsod ay kilala sa kanyang masigla at multikultural na populasyon.

global village
global village
[Pangngalan]

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

pandaigdigang nayon, global na nayon

pandaigdigang nayon, global na nayon

Ex: The internet has transformed the world into a global village, allowing people from different continents to communicate instantaneously. 

Ang internet ay nagbago ng mundo sa isang global na nayon, na nagpapahintulot sa mga tao mula sa iba't ibang kontinente na makipag-usap kaagad.

inequality
inequality
[Pangngalan]

an unfair difference in status, opportunities, resources, or treatment between people or groups

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay,  kawalan ng katarungan

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay, kawalan ng katarungan

Ex: The report highlights growing inequality between wealthy and low-income families. 
gender gap
gender gap
[Pangngalan]

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

agwat ng kasarian, puwang ng kasarian

agwat ng kasarian, puwang ng kasarian

Ex: Despite progress in recent years, the gender gap in healthcare access and outcomes continues to pose challenges, particularly in marginalized communities. 

Sa kabila ng pag-unlad sa mga nakaraang taon, ang agwat ng kasarian sa pag-access sa pangangalagang pangkalusugan at mga resulta ay patuloy na nagdudulot ng mga hamon, lalo na sa mga marginalized na komunidad.

to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

mamili

mamili

Ex: The company was accused of discriminating against women in its hiring practices. 

Ang kumpanya ay inakusahan ng diskriminasyon laban sa mga kababaihan sa mga kasanayan nito sa pagkuha ng empleyado.

diversity
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

pagkakaiba-iba, dibersidad

pagkakaiba-iba, dibersidad

Ex: The company has made diversity a priority in its hiring practices. 
superior
superior
[pang-uri]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

superyor,  mas mataas

superyor, mas mataas

Ex: The officer reported the incident to a superior commander. 
inferior
inferior
[pang-uri]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

mababa, nasasakupan

mababa, nasasakupan

Ex: He felt that his position in the company was inferior to that of his more experienced colleagues. 

Naramdaman niya na ang kanyang posisyon sa kumpanya ay mas mababa kaysa sa kanyang mga kasamahan na mas may karanasan.

segregation
segregation
[Pangngalan]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

pagbubukod, apartheid

pagbubukod, apartheid

Ex: Segregation in schools was common in the southern United States. 

Ang pagbubukod sa mga paaralan ay karaniwan sa timog ng Estados Unidos.

homelessness
homelessness
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of not having a home

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

kawalan ng tahanan, pagiging walang bahay

Ex: The city has launched several initiatives to reduce homelessness and provide support to those in need. 

Ang lungsod ay naglunsad ng ilang mga inisyatiba upang mabawasan ang kawalan ng tirahan at magbigay ng suporta sa mga nangangailangan.

sexism
sexism
[Pangngalan]

the belief or behavior that one sex is less important, capable, or valuable than the other

seksismo, diskriminasyon sa kasarian

seksismo, diskriminasyon sa kasarian

Ex: She spoke out against sexism at work. 

Nagsalita siya laban sa seksismo sa trabaho.

racism
racism
[Pangngalan]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one's own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: The teacher was accused of racism for treating students unfairly. 
alcoholism
alcoholism
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholismo, pagkakalulong sa alak

alkoholismo, pagkakalulong sa alak

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 

Ang alcoholism ay maaaring makaapekto sa karera, relasyon, at pangkalahatang kagalingan ng isang tao.

addiction
addiction
[Pangngalan]

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

adiksyon, pagkahumaling

adiksyon, pagkahumaling

Ex: Addiction is a complex condition characterized by compulsive drug use or engagement in a behavior despite harmful consequences. 

Ang adiksyon ay isang kumplikadong kondisyon na nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng sapilitang paggamit ng droga o paglahok sa isang pag-uugali sa kabila ng mapaminsalang mga kahihinatnan.

demonstration
demonstration
[Pangngalan]

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

demonstrasyon

demonstrasyon

Ex: The political party organized a demonstration to protest against corruption in government. 
minority
minority
[Pangngalan]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorya

minorya

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area. 
prejudice
prejudice
[Pangngalan]

an unfair and unreasonable opinion or attitude formed without sufficient knowledge or consideration

pagkiling,  prehuwisyo

pagkiling, prehuwisyo

Ex: The campaign aims to reduce prejudice against people with disabilities. 
starvation
starvation
[Pangngalan]

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

gutom, kamatayan dahil sa gutom

gutom, kamatayan dahil sa gutom

slum
slum
[Pangngalan]

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

maralitang lugar, squatter

maralitang lugar, squatter

Ex: He advocates for better housing solutions for people in slums. 

Tagapagtanggol siya ng mas mahusay na solusyon sa pabahay para sa mga taong nakatira sa maralitang komunidad.

shelter
shelter
[Pangngalan]

a building that provides temporary accommodation and assistance to people who have no safe place to live

shelter

shelter

Ex: David spent several nights at a homeless shelter after losing his apartment. 
refugee
refugee
[Pangngalan]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

refugee,  takas

refugee, takas

Ex: The family crossed the border as refugees after fighting reached their town. 
community service
community service
[Pangngalan]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

serbisyo sa komunidad, boluntaryong trabaho

Ex: After being convicted of vandalism, he was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. 

Matapos mahatulan ng vandalismo, siya ay hinatulan ng 100 oras na serbisyong pangkomunidad.

social worker
social worker
[Pangngalan]

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

trabahador panlipunan, social worker

trabahador panlipunan, social worker

Ex: The social worker assisted families in need. 

Tumulong ang social worker sa mga pamilyang nangangailangan.

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