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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Lipunan at Mga Isyung Panlipunan

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa lipunan at mga isyung panlipunan, tulad ng "aristocracy", "tolerance", "feminism", atbp. na kailangan para sa TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class
[Pangngalan]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

uri, antas

uri, antas

aristocracy
[Pangngalan]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrasya, pang-uri ng mga mayayamang tao

aristokrasya, pang-uri ng mga mayayamang tao

Ex: aristocracy opposed many social reforms that threatened their privileges .
noble
[pang-uri]

belonging to the highest social or political class

marangal, maharlika

marangal, maharlika

Ex: Despite noble status , the family was known for their humility and generosity towards their subjects .
civil
[pang-uri]

related to the citizens of a country

sibil, civil

sibil, civil

Ex: Civil discourse is essential for resolving societal conflicts peacefully .
citizen
[Pangngalan]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

mamamayan, bayanin

mamamayan, bayanin

Ex: The law applies to citizens, regardless of their background .
status
[Pangngalan]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

katayuan, katayuan sa lipunan

katayuan, katayuan sa lipunan

Ex: She worked hard to achieve a higher status in her career.
welfare
[Pangngalan]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

kapakanan, tulong na pinansyal

kapakanan, tulong na pinansyal

Ex: He applied welfare after his injury prevented him from working .
tolerance
[Pangngalan]

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

tangkilik, pagtanggap

tangkilik, pagtanggap

Ex: The festival celebrated tolerance, showcasing traditions from various ethnic groups .
philanthropy
[Pangngalan]

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

kawanggawa, pagtulong sa kapwa

kawanggawa, pagtulong sa kapwa

Ex: philanthropy helped countless families .
sexuality
[Pangngalan]

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

sekswalidad, sekswal na pagkatao

sekswalidad, sekswal na pagkatao

Ex: sexuality openly and respectfully promotes understanding and supports individuals in embracing their identities and experiences .
gender
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

kasarian, kasarian ng tao

kasarian, kasarian ng tao

Ex: Society often expects people to conform to traditional gender roles in terms of behavior and appearance.
feminine
[pang-uri]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

babae, pambabae

babae, pambabae

Ex: David was drawn to feminine energy of the artwork , which conveyed a sense of serenity and peace .
masculine
[pang-uri]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

panlalaki, masculino

panlalaki, masculino

Ex: The masculine scent of the cologne reminded Sarah of her father, evoking feelings of warmth and nostalgia.
feminism
[Pangngalan]

the movement that supports equal treatment of men and women and believes women should have the same rights and opportunities

feminismo, kilusan para sa pantay na karapatan ng mga babae

feminismo, kilusan para sa pantay na karapatan ng mga babae

race
[Pangngalan]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

lahi, lahi ng tao

lahi, lahi ng tao

Ex: Despite advances in understanding human geneticsrace continues to play a significant role in society , influencing everything from social interactions to access to resources .
ethnicity
[Pangngalan]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

lahi, etnisidad

lahi, etnisidad

Ex: The festival showcases music , food , and art from ethnicities around the world .
multicultural
[pang-uri]

relating to or involving several different cultures

makakabayan, maramihang kultura

makakabayan, maramihang kultura

Ex: The company fosters multicultural work environment , valuing diversity and inclusion .
global village
[Pangngalan]

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

pandaigdigang nayon, pandaigdigang komunidad

pandaigdigang nayon, pandaigdigang komunidad

Ex: The concept of global village emphasizes the need for cooperation and collaboration among nations to address common challenges and promote peace and prosperity for all .
inequality
[Pangngalan]

a situation where there is a lack of fairness or equal treatment between individuals or groups

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay, kakulangan ng katarungan

hindi pagkakapantay-pantay, kakulangan ng katarungan

gender gap
[Pangngalan]

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

agwat sa kasarian, puwang sa kasarian

agwat sa kasarian, puwang sa kasarian

Ex: Bridging gender gap in technology fields requires addressing systemic barriers and biases that deter women from pursuing careers in STEM .

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

mang-aplay, magpabahala

mang-aplay, magpabahala

Ex: The school was criticized discriminating against students of certain religious backgrounds .
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

pagkakaiba-iba, diversidad

pagkakaiba-iba, diversidad

Ex: The school 's commitment diversity is shown through its inclusive curriculum and extracurricular activities .
superior
[pang-uri]

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

nakatataas, superyor

nakatataas, superyor

Ex: superior diplomat represents the country in high-level international negotiations .
inferior
[pang-uri]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

mas mababa, hindi kasing taas

mas mababa, hindi kasing taas

Ex: The team 's performance was inferior to the competing teams in the tournament .
segregation
[Pangngalan]

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregasyon, paghihiwalay

segregasyon, paghihiwalay

Ex: The festival showcases music, food, and art from various ethnicities around the world.
homelessness
[Pangngalan]

the fact or condition of not having a home

kawalan ng tahanan, pagsasakatawid sa kawalang-tahanan

kawalan ng tahanan, pagsasakatawid sa kawalang-tahanan

Ex: She dedicated her career to raising awareness homelessness and advocating for policy changes .
sexism
[Pangngalan]

an unfair treatment based on the belief that one gender, particularly female, is weaker, less intelligent, or less important than the other

sexismo, diskriminasyon batay sa kasarian

sexismo, diskriminasyon batay sa kasarian

racism
[Pangngalan]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

rasismo, diskriminasyon batay sa lahi

rasismo, diskriminasyon batay sa lahi

Ex: Racism in the police force has been a long-standing issue .
alcoholism
[Pangngalan]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoholismo, uffu

alcoholismo, uffu

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk alcoholism.
addiction
[Pangngalan]

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

bisa, pagka-asa

bisa, pagka-asa

Ex: addiction requires commitment , perseverance , and ongoing support from healthcare professionals , friends , and family members .
demonstration
[Pangngalan]

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

demontrasyon, pagtitipon

demontrasyon, pagtitipon

Ex: The political party organized demonstration to protest against corruption in government .
minority
[Pangngalan]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorya, maliit na grupo

minorya, maliit na grupo

Ex: He is researching the history minority communities in the area .
prejudice
[Pangngalan]

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

pagkiling, paghuhusga

pagkiling, paghuhusga

Ex: The novel explores themes prejudice and social inequality .
starvation
[Pangngalan]

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

gutom, kagulangan

gutom, kagulangan

slum
[Pangngalan]

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

pagsasaka, barrio

pagsasaka, barrio

Ex: The government is implementing programs to improve living conditions slums.
shelter
[Pangngalan]

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

kanlungan, pansamantalang tirahan

kanlungan, pansamantalang tirahan

Ex: They created a shelter for those affected by the disaster .
refugee
[Pangngalan]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

refugee, mangingibang-bansa

refugee, mangingibang-bansa

Ex: refugee crisis prompted discussions on humanitarian aid and global responsibility .
community service
[Pangngalan]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

serbisyong pangkomunidad, pagsisilbi sa komunidad

serbisyong pangkomunidad, pagsisilbi sa komunidad

Ex: He found fulfillment community service, knowing that his efforts were making a positive impact on those in need .
social worker
[Pangngalan]

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

manggagawang panlipunan, tagapagbigay ng tulong sa lipunan

manggagawang panlipunan, tagapagbigay ng tulong sa lipunan

Ex: She became social worker to support underprivileged children .
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