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Nödvändigt Ordförråd för TOEFL - Samhälle och Sociala Frågor

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om samhället och sociala frågor, såsom "aristokrati", "tolerans", "feminism" etc., som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class
class
[Substantiv]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

klass, socialt skikt

klass, socialt skikt

Ex: The gap between the upper and lower classes has widened. 
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aristocracy
aristocracy
[Substantiv]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrati, adel

aristokrati, adel

Ex: Many members of the aristocracy were patrons of the arts. 

Många medlemmar av aristokratin var konstmecenater.

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noble
noble
[adjektiv]

belonging to a hereditary social class of high rank

adlig,  aristokratisk

adlig, aristokratisk

Ex: His noble ancestry gave him considerable social influence. 
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civil
civil
[adjektiv]

related to the citizens of a country

medborgerlig, civil

medborgerlig, civil

Ex: The government enacted civil liberties to protect individual freedoms. 

Regeringen införde medborgerliga friheter för att skydda individuella friheter.

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citizen
citizen
[Substantiv]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

medborgare, statsborgare

medborgare, statsborgare

Ex: She became a citizen after living in the country for several years. 
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status
status
[Substantiv]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

status, position

status, position

Ex: Status symbols like luxury cars are often seen in wealthy neighborhoods. 

Statussymboler som lyxbilar ses ofta i välbärgade områden.

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welfare
welfare
[Substantiv]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

socialbidrag, välfärd

socialbidrag, välfärd

Ex: She applied for welfare after losing her job. 
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tolerance
tolerance
[Substantiv]

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

tolerans

tolerans

Ex: They taught their children the importance of tolerance towards people with different lifestyles and cultures. 

De lärde sina barn vikten av tolerans gentemot människor med olika livsstilar och kulturer.

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philanthropy
philanthropy
[Substantiv]

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

filantropi

filantropi

Ex: The foundation focuses on philanthropy in healthcare. 

Stiftelsen fokuserar på filantropi inom hälso- och sjukvård.

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sexuality
sexuality
[Substantiv]

the feelings, attitudes, behaviors, and activities connected with sex and sexual desire

sexualitet,  könsdrift

sexualitet, könsdrift

Ex: Researchers studied the development of sexuality during adolescence. 
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gender
gender
[Substantiv]

the social or personal identity of being male, female, nonbinary, or another category

kön,  könsidentitet

kön, könsidentitet

Ex: Jordan's gender is an important part of their identity. 
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feminine
feminine
[adjektiv]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

feminin, kvinnlig

feminin, kvinnlig

Ex: The feminine aroma of the flowers filled the room with a sweet and delicate fragrance. 

De feminina doften av blommorna fyllde rummet med en söt och delikat parfym.

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masculine
masculine
[adjektiv]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

maskulin, manlig

maskulin, manlig

Ex: Jack admired the masculine resilience and stoicism of the soldiers as they faced adversity on the battlefield. 

Jack beundrade de maskulina motståndskraften och stoicismen hos soldaterna när de mötte motgångar på slagfältet.

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feminism
feminism
[Substantiv]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

feminism, feministisk rörelse

feminism, feministisk rörelse

Ex: Feminism has influenced laws related to workplace equality. 

Feminismen har påverkat lagar som rör jämställdhet på arbetsplatsen.

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race
race
[Substantiv]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

ras, etnisk grupp

ras, etnisk grupp

Ex: The survey asked participants how they described their race. 
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ethnicity
ethnicity
[Substantiv]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnicitet

etnicitet

Ex: Researchers are exploring how ethnicity influences health outcomes. 

Forskare undersöker hur etnicitet påverkar hälsoutfall.

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multicultural
multicultural
[adjektiv]

relating to or involving several different cultures

mångkulturell

mångkulturell

Ex: The festival celebrates the community's multicultural heritage with music, dance, and food. 

Festivalen firar gemenskapens mångkulturella arv med musik, dans och mat.

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global village
global village
[Substantiv]

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

global by, världsby

global by, världsby

Ex: Environmental issues such as climate change highlight the interconnectedness of the global village, as changes in one part of the world can have far-reaching consequences. 

Miljöfrågor som klimatförändringar belyser sammankopplingen av den globala byn, eftersom förändringar i en del av världen kan ha långtgående konsekvenser.

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inequality
inequality
[Substantiv]

an unfair difference in status, opportunities, resources, or treatment between people or groups

ojämlikhet,  ojämlikhet

ojämlikhet, ojämlikhet

Ex: The new policy aims to address inequality in health care. 
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gender gap
gender gap
[Substantiv]

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

könsgap, genusklyfta

könsgap, genusklyfta

Ex: Bridging the gender gap in technology fields requires addressing systemic barriers and biases that deter women from pursuing careers in STEM. 

Att överbrygga könsgapet inom teknologiska områden kräver att man adresserar systemiska hinder och fördomar som avskräcker kvinnor från att söka karriärer inom STEM.

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to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

diskriminera

diskriminera

Ex: The law prohibits businesses from discriminating against customers based on their disability. 

Lagen förbjuder företag att diskriminera kunder baserat på deras funktionsnedsättning.

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diversity
diversity
[Substantiv]

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

mångfald, diversitet

mångfald, diversitet

Ex: Managers received training on diversity and inclusion. 
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superior
superior
[adjektiv]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

överordnad,  högre

överordnad, högre

Ex: She holds a superior position within the organization. 
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inferior
inferior
[adjektiv]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

underlägsen, underordnad

underlägsen, underordnad

Ex: The inferior quality of the materials used in the construction was evident in the building's appearance. 

Den sämre kvaliteten på de material som användes i byggandet var uppenbar i byggnadens utseende.

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segregation
segregation
[Substantiv]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

segregering, apartheid

segregering, apartheid

Ex: Civil rights activists fought to end segregation in public spaces. 

Medborgarrättsaktivister kämpade för att avsluta segregation på offentliga platser.

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homelessness
homelessness
[Substantiv]

the fact or condition of not having a home

hemlöshet, bostadslöshet

hemlöshet, bostadslöshet

Ex: Addressing homelessness requires both immediate relief and long-term solutions such as affordable housing. 

Att tackla hemlöshet kräver både omedelbar lättnad och långsiktiga lösningar som till exempel prisvärt boende.

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sexism
sexism
[Substantiv]

the belief or behavior that one sex is less important, capable, or valuable than the other

sexism, könsdiskriminering

sexism, könsdiskriminering

Ex: Many campaigns aim to challenge everyday sexism in society. 

Många kampanjer syftar till att utmana det vardagliga sexismen i samhället.

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racism
racism
[Substantiv]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one's own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

Ex: Racism in the police force has been a long-standing issue. 
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alcoholism
alcoholism
[Substantiv]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholism, alkoholmissbruk

alkoholism, alkoholmissbruk

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism. 

Forskning har visat ett samband mellan stress och en ökad risk för alkoholism.

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addiction
addiction
[Substantiv]

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

beroende, missbruk

beroende, missbruk

Ex: Addiction often involves changes in brain chemistry, making it difficult for individuals to stop using drugs or engaging in addictive behaviors on their own. 

Beroende innebär ofta förändringar i hjärnans kemi, vilket gör det svårt för individer att sluta använda droger eller delta i beroendeframkallande beteenden på egen hand.

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demonstration
demonstration
[Substantiv]

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

demonstration

demonstration

Ex: Thousands of people joined the demonstration in the city center. 
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minority
minority
[Substantiv]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoritet

minoritet

Ex: The city is home to several ethnic and religious minorities. 
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prejudice
prejudice
[Substantiv]

an unfair and unreasonable opinion or attitude formed without sufficient knowledge or consideration

Ex: Daniel encountered prejudice because of his background. 
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starvation
starvation
[Substantiv]

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

svält, död genom svält

svält, död genom svält

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slum
slum
[Substantiv]

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

slum, kåkstad

slum, kåkstad

Ex: Slums often lack access to clean water and sanitation facilities. 

Slumområden saknar ofta tillgång till rent vatten och sanitära anläggningar.

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shelter
shelter
[Substantiv]

a building that provides temporary accommodation and assistance to people who have no safe place to live

härbärge

härbärge

Ex: Maria works at a shelter that helps families find permanent housing. 
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refugee
refugee
[Substantiv]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

flykting,  asylsökande

flykting, asylsökande

Ex: He arrived as a refugee and later settled permanently in Canada. 
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community service
community service
[Substantiv]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

samhällstjänst, volontärarbete

samhällstjänst, volontärarbete

Ex: The organization provides opportunities for individuals to engage in meaningful community service projects. 

Organisationen ger individer möjlighet att delta i meningsfulla samhällstjänst projekt.

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social worker
social worker
[Substantiv]

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

socialarbetare, socialsekreterare

socialarbetare, socialsekreterare

Ex: Social workers play a crucial role in child welfare services. 

Socialarbetare spelar en avgörande roll i barnavårdstjänster.

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