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托福必备词汇 - 社会与社会问题

在这里你将学习托福考试所需的一些有关社会和社会问题的英语单词,例如“贵族”、“宽容”、“女权主义”等。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

[名词]
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aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

贵族

贵族

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noble

belonging to the highest social or political class

[形容词]
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civil

related to the citizens of a country

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citizen

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

公民,女性公民

公民,女性公民

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status

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

[名词]
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welfare

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

[名词]
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tolerance

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

[名词]
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philanthropy

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

[名词]
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sexuality

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

[名词]
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gender

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

[名词]
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feminine

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

[形容词]
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masculine

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

[形容词]
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feminism

the movement that supports equal treatment of men and women and believes women should have the same rights and opportunities

[名词]
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race

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

[名词]
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ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

[名词]
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multicultural

relating to or involving several different cultures

[形容词]
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global village

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

[名词]
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inequality

a situation where there is a lack of fairness or equal treatment between individuals or groups

[名词]
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gender gap

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

[名词]
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to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

[动词]
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diversity

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

[名词]
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superior

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

[形容词]
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inferior

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

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segregation

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

[名词]
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homelessness

the fact or condition of not having a home

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sexism

an unfair treatment based on the belief that one gender, particularly female, is weaker, less intelligent, or less important than the other

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racism

the unjust or violent behavior toward people because their race is different form one's own

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alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

酗酒

酗酒

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addiction

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

上瘾,依赖

上瘾,依赖

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demonstration

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

[名词]
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minority

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

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prejudice

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

[名词]
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starvation

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

[名词]
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slum

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

[名词]
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shelter

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

[名词]
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refugee

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

[名词]
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community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

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social worker

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

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