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Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL - Masyarakat dan Masalah Sosial

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang masyarakat dan isu-isu sosial, seperti "aristokrasi", "toleransi", "feminisme", dll. yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Mulai belajar
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class
class
[Kata benda]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

kelas, lapisan sosial

kelas, lapisan sosial

Ex: Many workers belong to the middle class. 

Banyak pekerja termasuk dalam kelas menengah.

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aristocracy
aristocracy
[Kata benda]

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristokrasi, bangsawan

aristokrasi, bangsawan

Ex: The aristocracy often lived in grand estates and manors. 

Aristokrasi sering tinggal di perkebunan dan rumah besar yang megah.

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noble
noble
[Adjektiva]

belonging to the highest social or political class

bangsawan, mulia

bangsawan, mulia

Ex: The noble family's crest adorned the gates of their ancestral castle, signifying their esteemed status. 

Lambang keluarga bangsawan menghiasi gerbang kastil leluhur mereka, menandakan status terhormat mereka.

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civil
civil
[Adjektiva]

related to the citizens of a country

sipil, kewarganegaraan

sipil, kewarganegaraan

Ex: They participated in civil disobedience to protest unjust laws. 

Mereka berpartisipasi dalam pembangkangan sipil untuk memprotes hukum yang tidak adil.

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citizen
citizen
[Kata benda]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

warga negara, nasional

warga negara, nasional

Ex: The government introduced new policies to protect the rights of its citizens. 

Pemerintah memperkenalkan kebijakan baru untuk melindungi hak-hak warganya.

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status
status
[Kata benda]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

status, posisi

status, posisi

Ex: The promotion elevated her status within the company. 

Promosi itu meningkatkan statusnya di dalam perusahaan.

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welfare
welfare
[Kata benda]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

kesejahteraan, bantuan sosial

kesejahteraan, bantuan sosial

Ex: Welfare programs are designed to help vulnerable populations meet basic needs. 

Program kesejahteraan dirancang untuk membantu populasi rentan memenuhi kebutuhan dasar.

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tolerance
tolerance
[Kata benda]

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

toleransi

toleransi

Ex: Her tolerance of differing opinions made her a great mediator during heated debates. 

Toleransi nya terhadap pendapat yang berbeda menjadikannya mediator yang hebat selama debat panas.

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philanthropy
philanthropy
[Kata benda]

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

filantropi

filantropi

Ex: She dedicated her life to philanthropy. 

Dia mendedikasikan hidupnya untuk filantropi.

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sexuality
sexuality
[Kata benda]

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

seksualitas, kehidupan seksual

seksualitas, kehidupan seksual

Ex: Society's attitudes towards sexuality have evolved, leading to greater acceptance and visibility of diverse sexual orientations. 

Sikap masyarakat terhadap seksualitas telah berkembang, mengarah pada penerimaan dan visibilitas yang lebih besar terhadap berbagai orientasi seksual.

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gender
gender
[Kata benda]

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

gender

gender

Ex: The school curriculum has been updated to be more inclusive of gender diversity. 

Kurikulum sekolah telah diperbarui untuk lebih inklusif terhadap gender.

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feminine
feminine
[Adjektiva]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

feminin, kewanitaan

feminin, kewanitaan

Ex: Jack appreciated Emily's feminine sensitivity and empathy during their conversation. 

Jack menghargai kepekaan dan empati feminin Emily selama percakapan mereka.

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masculine
masculine
[Adjektiva]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

maskulin, jantan

maskulin, jantan

Ex: Tim appreciated the masculine strength and determination of the athletes competing in the marathon. 

Tim menghargai kekuatan maskulin dan tekad atlet yang bersaing di maraton.

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feminism
feminism
[Kata benda]

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

feminisme, gerakan feminis

feminisme, gerakan feminis

Ex: Many writers discuss feminism in their books. 

Banyak penulis membahas feminisme dalam buku mereka.

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race
race
[Kata benda]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

ras, kelompok etnis

ras, kelompok etnis

Ex: While race can be a source of identity and pride for some, it has also been a source of division and oppression throughout history. 

Meskipun ras bisa menjadi sumber identitas dan kebanggaan bagi sebagian orang, itu juga telah menjadi sumber perpecahan dan penindasan sepanjang sejarah.

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ethnicity
ethnicity
[Kata benda]

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etnisitas

etnisitas

Ex: The school's diversity program celebrates students of every ethnicity. 

Program keragaman sekolah merayakan siswa dari setiap etnis.

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multicultural
multicultural
[Adjektiva]

relating to or involving several different cultures

multikultural

multikultural

Ex: She enjoys exploring multicultural cuisine, trying dishes from different cultures. 

Dia menikmati menjelajahi masakan multikultural, mencoba hidangan dari berbagai budaya.

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global village
global village
[Kata benda]

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

desa global, kampung global

desa global, kampung global

Ex: The global village is characterized by the free flow of information, goods, and services, facilitating international trade and cultural exchange. 

Desa global ditandai dengan aliran bebas informasi, barang, dan jasa, memfasilitasi perdagangan internasional dan pertukaran budaya.

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inequality
inequality
[Kata benda]

a situation in which people or groups are not treated equally or fairly

ketidaksetaraan, ketidakadilan

ketidaksetaraan, ketidakadilan

Ex: Income inequality affects access to education and healthcare. 

Ketimpangan pendapatan mempengaruhi akses ke pendidikan dan layanan kesehatan.

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gender gap
gender gap
[Kata benda]

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

kesenjangan gender, jurang gender

kesenjangan gender, jurang gender

Ex: The gender gap in pay persists, with women earning, on average, less than their male counterparts for the same work. 

Kesenjangan gender dalam upah tetap ada, dengan perempuan memperoleh, rata-rata, lebih sedikit daripada rekan laki-laki mereka untuk pekerjaan yang sama.

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to discriminate
to discriminate
[kata kerja]

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

mendiskriminasi

mendiskriminasi

Ex: Discriminating against someone because of their race is a form of racism. 

Mendiskriminasi seseorang karena rasnya adalah bentuk rasisme.

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diversity
diversity
[Kata benda]

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

keberagaman

keberagaman

Ex: The city council's diversity initiative aims to ensure representation from all community sectors in decision-making processes. 

Inisiatif keragaman dewan kota bertujuan untuk memastikan perwakilan dari semua sektor masyarakat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.

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superior
superior
[Adjektiva]

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

superior, lebih tinggi

superior, lebih tinggi

Ex: The superior court judge presided over the high-profile case. 

Hakim pengadilan tinggi memimpin kasus yang menjadi sorotan.

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inferior
inferior
[Adjektiva]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

inferior, bawahan

inferior, bawahan

Ex: She was given an inferior role in the project, despite her previous achievements. 

Dia diberi peran lebih rendah dalam proyek, meskipun prestasinya sebelumnya.

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segregation
segregation
[Kata benda]

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

pemisahan, apartheid

pemisahan, apartheid

Ex: Segregation in housing contributed to unequal opportunities. 

Pemisahan dalam perumahan berkontribusi pada peluang yang tidak setara.

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homelessness
homelessness
[Kata benda]

the fact or condition of not having a home

tunawisma, keadaan tidak memiliki rumah

tunawisma, keadaan tidak memiliki rumah

Ex: The shelter provides food, warmth, and a safe space for those experiencing homelessness. 

Tempat penampungan menyediakan makanan, kehangatan, dan ruang aman bagi mereka yang mengalami tunawisma.

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sexism
sexism
[Kata benda]

the belief or behavior that one sex is less important, capable, or valuable than the other

seksisme, diskriminasi gender

seksisme, diskriminasi gender

Ex: The company introduced training to prevent sexism in the office. 

Perusahaan memperkenalkan pelatihan untuk mencegah seksisme di kantor.

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racism
racism
[Kata benda]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

rasisme, diskriminasi rasial

rasisme, diskriminasi rasial

Ex: She experienced racism at her new job. 

Dia mengalami rasisme di pekerjaan barunya.

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alcoholism
alcoholism
[Kata benda]

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholisme, kecanduan alkohol

alkoholisme, kecanduan alkohol

Ex: Alcoholism can impact a person's career, relationships, and overall well-being. 

Alkoholisme dapat mempengaruhi karier, hubungan, dan kesejahteraan umum seseorang.

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addiction
addiction
[Kata benda]

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

kecanduan, ketergantungan

kecanduan, ketergantungan

Ex: Behavioral addictions, like gambling or internet addiction, involve an uncontrollable urge to engage in a specific activity despite negative consequences. 

Kecanduan perilaku, seperti judi atau kecanduan internet, melibatkan dorongan yang tidak terkendali untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas tertentu meskipun ada konsekuensi negatif.

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demonstration
demonstration
[Kata benda]

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

demonstrasi

demonstrasi

Ex: The labor union held a demonstration outside the company headquarters to demand better working conditions. 

Serikat pekerja mengadakan demonstrasi di luar markas perusahaan untuk menuntut kondisi kerja yang lebih baik.

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minority
minority
[Kata benda]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minoritas

minoritas

Ex: The report highlighted the struggles of the minority in accessing resources. 

Laporan tersebut menyoroti perjuangan minoritas dalam mengakses sumber daya.

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prejudice
prejudice
[Kata benda]

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

prasangka, prasangka buruk

prasangka, prasangka buruk

Ex: Overcoming prejudice requires education and understanding. 

Mengatasi prasangka membutuhkan pendidikan dan pemahaman.

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starvation
starvation
[Kata benda]

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

kelaparan, kematian karena kelaparan

kelaparan, kematian karena kelaparan

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slum
slum
[Kata benda]

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

kawasan kumuh, perkampungan kumuh

kawasan kumuh, perkampungan kumuh

Ex: He visited the slum to understand the struggles of its residents. 

Dia mengunjungi kawasan kumuh untuk memahami perjuangan para penduduknya.

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shelter
shelter
[Kata benda]

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

tempat penampungan, perlindungan

tempat penampungan, perlindungan

Ex: The local shelter offers meals and beds for those in need. 

Tempat penampungan lokal menawarkan makanan dan tempat tidur bagi yang membutuhkan.

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refugee
refugee
[Kata benda]

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

pengungsi, pengungsi

pengungsi, pengungsi

Ex: The international community mobilized to support refugees displaced by the conflict. 

Komunitas internasional bergerak untuk mendukung pengungsi yang mengungsi akibat konflik.

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community service
community service
[Kata benda]

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

pelayanan masyarakat, kerja sukarela

pelayanan masyarakat, kerja sukarela

Ex: As part of their high school curriculum, students are required to complete a certain number of hours of community service. 

Sebagai bagian dari kurikulum sekolah menengah, siswa diharuskan menyelesaikan sejumlah jam pelayanan masyarakat.

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social worker
social worker
[Kata benda]

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

pekerja sosial, pembantu sosial

pekerja sosial, pembantu sosial

Ex: A social worker visited the shelter to provide counseling. 

Seorang pekerja sosial mengunjungi tempat penampungan untuk memberikan konseling.

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