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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 社会と社会問題

TOEFL試験に必要な「貴族主義」「寛容」「フェミニズム」など、社会や社会問題に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

クラス, カテゴリー

クラス, カテゴリー

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[名詞]
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

貴族階級

貴族階級

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[名詞]
noble

belonging to the highest social or political class

貴族の, 高貴な

貴族の, 高貴な

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[形容詞]
civil

related to the citizens of a country

市民の, 市民的な

市民の, 市民的な

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[形容詞]
citizen

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

市民, 市民女性

市民, 市民女性

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[名詞]
status

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

地位, ステータス

地位, ステータス

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[名詞]
welfare

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

福祉, 社会保障

福祉, 社会保障

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[名詞]
tolerance

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

寛容, 容認

寛容, 容認

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[名詞]
philanthropy

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

慈善活動

慈善活動

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[名詞]
sexuality

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

セクシュアリティ, 性

セクシュアリティ, 性

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[名詞]
gender

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

ジェンダー, 性別

ジェンダー, 性別

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[名詞]
feminine

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

女性的な, フェミニンな

女性的な, フェミニンな

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[形容詞]
masculine

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

男性的, マスキュリン

男性的, マスキュリン

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[形容詞]
feminism

the movement that supports equal treatment of men and women and believes women should have the same rights and opportunities

フェミニズム

フェミニズム

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[名詞]
race

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

人種, 民族

人種, 民族

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[名詞]
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

民族性, 民族的所属

民族性, 民族的所属

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[名詞]
multicultural

relating to or involving several different cultures

多文化の, マルチカルチャーの

多文化の, マルチカルチャーの

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[形容詞]
global village

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

グローバルビレッジ, 世界村

グローバルビレッジ, 世界村

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[名詞]
inequality

a situation where there is a lack of fairness or equal treatment between individuals or groups

不平等

不平等

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[名詞]
gender gap

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

ジェンダーギャップ, 性別格差

ジェンダーギャップ, 性別格差

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[名詞]
to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

差別する, 区別する

差別する, 区別する

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[動詞]
diversity

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

多様性, バラエティ

多様性, バラエティ

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[名詞]
superior

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

優れた, 上位の

優れた, 上位の

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[形容詞]
inferior

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

劣った, 下位の

劣った, 下位の

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[形容詞]
segregation

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

隔離, 分離

隔離, 分離

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[名詞]
homelessness

the fact or condition of not having a home

ホームレス状態, 無住居

ホームレス状態, 無住居

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[名詞]
sexism

an unfair treatment based on the belief that one gender, particularly female, is weaker, less intelligent, or less important than the other

セクシズム, 性差別

セクシズム, 性差別

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[名詞]
racism

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

人種差別

人種差別

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[名詞]
alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

アルコール依存症

アルコール依存症

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[名詞]
addiction

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

依存症, 中毒

依存症, 中毒

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[名詞]
demonstration

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

デモ, 抗議

デモ, 抗議

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[名詞]
minority

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

マイノリティ, 少数派

マイノリティ, 少数派

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[名詞]
prejudice

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

偏見, 先入観

偏見, 先入観

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[名詞]
starvation

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

飢餓, 栄養失調

飢餓, 栄養失調

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[名詞]
slum

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

スラム, 貧困街

スラム, 貧困街

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[名詞]
shelter

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

シェルター, 避難所

シェルター, 避難所

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[名詞]
refugee

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

難民, 女性難民

難民, 女性難民

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[名詞]
community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

地域奉仕, コミュニティサービス

地域奉仕, コミュニティサービス

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[名詞]
social worker

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

ソーシャルワーカー, 社会福祉士

ソーシャルワーカー, 社会福祉士

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[名詞]
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