Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Społeczeństwo i problemy społeczne

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

klasa, kategoria

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

arystokracja

belonging to the highest social or political class

szlachetny, arystokratyczny

related to the citizens of a country

obywatelski, cywilny

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

obywatel, obywatelka

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

status, pozycja

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

opieka społeczna, wsparcie socjalne

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

tolerancja

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

filantropia

the qualities and activities that are related to sex

seksualność, płeć

the fact or condition of being male, female or non-binary that people identify themselves with based on social and cultural roles

płeć, gender

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

kobiecy, feminine

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

męski, masculin

the movement that supports equal treatment of men and women and believes women should have the same rights and opportunities

feminizm

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

rasa, etnia

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

etniczność, przynależność etniczna

relating to or involving several different cultures

wielokulturowy, wielokulturowa

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

globalna wioska, światowa wioska

a situation where there is a lack of fairness or equal treatment between individuals or groups

nierówność

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

luka płacowa, nierówności płci

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

dyskryminować, stosować dyskryminację

the practice of involving many people from different cultures, social backgrounds, sexual orientations, etc.

różnorodność, dywersyfikacja

higher in status or rank in comparison with someone or something else

lepszy, wyższy

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

niższy, gorszy

the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

segregacja, izolacja

the fact or condition of not having a home

bezdomność, brak miejsca zamieszkania

an unfair treatment based on the belief that one gender, particularly female, is weaker, less intelligent, or less important than the other

seksizm, dyskryminacja ze względu na płeć

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one’s own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

rasizm

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alkoholizm

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

uzależnienie, nałóg

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

demonstracja, manifestacja

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

mniejszość, grupa mniejszościowa

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

uprzedzenie, stronniczość

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

głód, niedożywienie

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

slums, dzielnica nędzy

a place in which very poor people are provided with food and housing

schronienie, azyl

a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

uchodźca, uchodźczyni

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

prace na rzecz społeczności, usługi społeczne

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

pracownik socjalny, socjalny doradca