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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Société et Questions Sociales

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la société et les questions sociales, tels que "aristocratie", "tolérance", "féminisme", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
class
class
[nom]

a group of people having the same economic or social status in a particular society

classe

classe

Ex: She studied the differences between social classes. 
aristocracy

people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

aristocratie

aristocratie

Ex: Throughout history, the aristocracy has held significant political power. 

Aristocratie a détenu un pouvoir politique significatif tout au long de l'histoire.

noble
noble
[Adjectif]

belonging to a hereditary social class of high rank

noble

noble

Ex: The young prince was educated alongside children of noble birth. 
civil
civil
[Adjectif]

related to the citizens of a country

civil

civil

Ex: The civil war tore the country apart, causing immense suffering. 

La guerre civile a déchiré le pays, provoquant d'immenses souffrances.

citizen
citizen
[nom]

someone whose right of belonging to a particular state is legally recognized either because they are born there or are naturalized

citoyen, citoyenne, habitant, habitante

citoyen, citoyenne, habitant, habitante

Ex: She became a citizen of the United States after passing the naturalization test. 
status
status
[nom]

someone or something's professional or social position relative to that of others

statut

statut

Ex: Many people admire his high social status in the community. 

Beaucoup de gens admirent son statut social élevé dans la communauté.

welfare
welfare
[nom]

a financial aid provided by the government for people who are sick, unemployed, etc.

allocations

allocations

Ex: She relied on welfare assistance while she was looking for a new job. 
tolerance

willingness to accept behavior or opinions that are against one's own

tolérance

tolérance

Ex: Tolerance is essential in a diverse workplace to ensure that everyone feels respected and valued. 

La tolérance est essentielle dans un lieu de travail diversifié pour garantir que chacun se sente respecté et valorisé.

philanthropy

the activity of helping people, particularly financially

philanthropie

philanthropie

Ex: Philanthropy can make a huge impact. 

La philanthropie peut avoir un énorme impact.

sexuality

the feelings, attitudes, behaviors, and activities connected with sex and sexual desire

sexualité

sexualité

Ex: Sarah spoke openly about her sexuality for the first time. 
gender
gender
[nom]

the social or personal identity of being male, female, nonbinary, or another category

sexe

sexe

Ex: Alex believes that gender should never limit someone's career choices. 
feminine
feminine
[Adjectif]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with women

féminin

féminin

Ex: Sarah's feminine grace and elegance captivated everyone at the ball. 

La grâce et l'élégance féminines de Sarah ont captivé tout le monde au bal.

masculine
masculine
[Adjectif]

related to qualities, characteristics, or behaviors typically associated with men

masculin

masculin

Ex: Sarah admired the masculine confidence and assertiveness of her colleague during the business meeting. 

Sarah admirait la confiance et l'affirmation de soi masculines de son collègue pendant la réunion d'affaires.

feminism

the movement that supports equal rights and opportunities for women and men

féminisme

féminisme

Ex: Feminism supports equal pay for women and men. 

Le féminisme soutient l'égalité des salaires entre les femmes et les hommes.

race
race
[nom]

each of the main groups into which humans can be divided based on their physical attributes such as the color of their skin

race

race

Ex: Race is a socially constructed concept used to categorize people into different groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color. 
ethnicity

the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

origine ethnique, appartenance ethnique

Ex: She takes pride in her ethnicity and loves sharing her cultural traditions. 

Elle est fière de son ethnicité et adore partager ses traditions culturelles.

multicultural
multicultural
[Adjectif]

relating to or involving several different cultures

multiculturel, pluriculturel

multiculturel, pluriculturel

Ex: The school curriculum promotes multicultural awareness and appreciation. 

Le programme scolaire promeut la sensibilisation et l'appréciation multiculturelles.

global village

‌the whole world considered as a small place because of being closely connected by modern communication systems

village mondial

village mondial

Ex: Social media platforms have played a significant role in creating a sense of global village, where individuals can share ideas and experiences across borders. 

Les plateformes de médias sociaux ont joué un rôle important dans la création d'un sentiment de village global, où les individus peuvent partager des idées et des expériences par-delà les frontières.

inequality

an unfair difference in status, opportunities, resources, or treatment between people or groups

inégalité

inégalité

Ex: Maria researches gender inequality in the workplace. 
gender gap

the differences between men and women's rights, opportunities, and treatment in society

inégalités entre les sexes

inégalités entre les sexes

Ex: Efforts to close the gender gap in education have led to increased access to schooling for girls in many parts of the world. 

Les efforts pour combler l'écart entre les sexes dans l'éducation ont conduit à un accès accru à la scolarisation pour les filles dans de nombreuses régions du monde.

to discriminate

to unfairly treat a person or group of people based on their sex, race, etc.

faire de distinctions

faire de distinctions

Ex: It's illegal to discriminate against individuals based on their sexual orientation. 

Il est illégal de discriminer les individus en fonction de leur orientation sexuelle.

diversity

the practice of including people from a range of social, cultural, ethnic, and other backgrounds in a group or organization

diversité

diversité

Ex: Maria leads several workplace diversity initiatives. 
superior
superior
[Adjectif]

higher in rank, status, importance, or authority

supérieur

supérieur

Ex: Only employees with superior rank may approve the request. 
inferior
inferior
[Adjectif]

lower in rank or status in comparison with someone or something else

inférieur

inférieur

Ex: The design of the older model was considered inferior to the newer, more advanced version. 

La conception de l'ancien modèle était considérée comme inférieure à la version plus récente et plus avancée.

segregation

a social system or practice that keeps minority groups separate from the majority, often through separate facilities or services

ségrégation

ségrégation

Ex: Laws enforcing segregation affected public transportation. 

Les lois imposant la ségrégation affectaient les transports publics.

homelessness

the fact or condition of not having a home

absence de domicile, problème des sans-abri

absence de domicile, problème des sans-abri

Ex: Homelessness can result from a variety of factors, including job loss, mental illness, or family breakdowns. 

Le sans-abrisme peut résulter de divers facteurs, notamment la perte d'emploi, la maladie mentale ou les ruptures familiales.

sexism
sexism
[nom]

the belief or behavior that one sex is less important, capable, or valuable than the other

sexisme

sexisme

Ex: Sexism can limit opportunities for women. 

Le sexisme peut limiter les opportunités pour les femmes.

racism
racism
[nom]

harmful or unfair actions, words, or thoughts directed at people of different races, often based on the idea that one's own race is more intelligent, moral, or worthy

racisme

racisme

Ex: He faced racism because of his skin color. 
alcoholism

a medical condition caused by drinking an excessive amounts of alcohol on a regular basis

alcoolisme

alcoolisme

Ex: Research has shown a correlation between stress and an increased risk of alcoholism. 

La recherche a montré une corrélation entre le stress et un risque accru d'alcoolisme.

addiction

the inability to stop using or doing something, particularly something harmful or unhealthy

addiction, dépendance, accoutumance

addiction, dépendance, accoutumance

Ex: Substance addiction, such as to drugs or alcohol, can have devastating effects on an individual's physical health, mental well-being, and relationships. 

La dépendance à des substances, comme les drogues ou l'alcool, peut avoir des effets dévastateurs sur la santé physique, le bien-être mental et les relations d'un individu.

demonstration

a display of support for or protest against something or someone by a march or public meeting

manifestation

manifestation

Ex: Students organized a peaceful demonstration in solidarity with climate activists around the world. 
minority

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorité

minorité

Ex: They discussed how to ensure equal opportunities for all, including minority members. 
prejudice

an unfair and unreasonable opinion or attitude formed without sufficient knowledge or consideration

préjugé

préjugé

Ex: Emma realized that her opinion had been shaped by prejudice rather than experience. 
starvation

a situation where a person or animal dies or greatly suffers from having no food for a long time

famine, faim

famine, faim

slum
slum
[nom]

(often plural) a very poor and overpopulated area of a city or town in which the houses are not in good condition

quartier pauvre

quartier pauvre

Ex: She grew up in a slum and faced many challenges. 

Elle a grandi dans un bidonville et a fait face à de nombreux défis.

shelter
shelter
[nom]

a building that provides temporary accommodation and assistance to people who have no safe place to live

refuge

refuge

Ex: The shelter provides meals and temporary beds for people without homes. 
refugee
refugee
[nom]

a person forced to leave their country or home to escape war, persecution, or serious danger

réfugié, réfugiée

réfugié, réfugiée

Ex: Maria volunteered at a center that provides food and clothing to refugees. 
community service

unpaid work done either as a form of punishment by a criminal or as a voluntary service by a citizen

travaux d’intérêt général, TIG

travaux d’intérêt général, TIG

Ex: She decided to dedicate her weekends to community service by volunteering at the local animal shelter. 

Elle a décidé de consacrer ses week-ends au service communautaire en faisant du bénévolat au refuge animalier local.

social worker

someone who is employed to give advice to or provide help for those with family or financial problems

assistant social, assistante sociale

assistant social, assistante sociale

Ex: The hospital assigned a social worker to help patients with financial aid. 

L'hôpital a assigné un travailleur social pour aider les patients avec l'aide financière.

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