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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - Financial Management & Economic Health

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Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
Master of Business Administration

a second university degree in business management

Ex: She completed her Master of Business Administration degree at Harvard Business School. 
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associate
associate
[noun]

a member of an organization with limited membership

Ex: She became an associate of the club after being nominated by a current member. 
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audit
audit
[noun]

a formal inspection of a business's financial records to see if they are correct and accurate or not

Ex: The company underwent an audit to ensure compliance with financial regulations. 
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deficit
deficit
[noun]

the difference between the needed amount that is higher than the available amount, especially money

Ex: The government faced a budget deficit due to increased spending and decreased revenue. 
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expenditure

the process of using money to pay for goods, services, or obligations

Ex: Careful expenditure is necessary to maintain financial stability. 
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invoice
invoice
[noun]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

Ex: The vendor sent an invoice to the client for the goods delivered. 
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margin
margin
[noun]

(business) the difference between the amount of money spent to buy or produce something and the amount of money gained from its sale

Ex: The company's profit margin increased significantly after implementing cost-saving measures. 
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turnover
turnover
[noun]

the overall amount of profit made by a business or company over a specific period of time

Ex: The company's turnover increased by 20% compared to the previous year, reflecting strong sales growth. 
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yield
yield
[noun]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

Ex: The bond offered a competitive yield, attracting many investors looking for stable returns. 
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affluent
affluent
[Adjective]

possessing a great amount of riches and material goods

Ex: The affluent neighborhood was characterized by its luxurious homes and upscale amenities. 
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to bail out

to save someone or something from a difficult financial situation

Ex: The government decided to bail the struggling company out to prevent bankruptcy. 
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bankrupt
bankrupt
[Adjective]

(of organizations or people) legally declared as unable to pay their debts to creditors

Ex: After years of financial mismanagement, the business went bankrupt. 
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to [break] even

(of a business) to reach a point that yields no success due to the profit being almost as equal as the costs

Ex: The café finally broke even after six months. 
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to deduct
to deduct
[Verb]

to subtract or take away an amount or part from a total

Ex: The teacher instructed the students to deduct points for incorrect answers on the quiz. 
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funds
funds
[noun]

assets held in the form of money, available for spending or investment

Ex: The company transferred funds to pay its suppliers. 
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gross
gross
[noun]

the total amount of income before any deductions, taxes, or expenses are subtracted

Ex: The company reported a gross of $2 million last year. 
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interest
interest
[noun]

the fee paid for borrowing money, calculated as a percentage of the loan amount over time

Ex: The bank charges 5% interest on personal loans. 
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to [make] a loss

to lose money in a business or financial situation

Ex: The business made a huge loss last year but plans to recover this year. 
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to [make] (both|) ends meet

to make enough money to pay for one's basic needs

Ex: With rent so high, it is hard to make ends meet. 
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to overdraw

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

Ex: He accidentally overdrew his account and had to pay a penalty fee. 
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prosperous
prosperous
[Adjective]

rich and financially successful

Ex: He built a prosperous business from scratch. 
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to splash out

to spend a lot of money on fancy or unnecessary things

Ex: After completing a challenging project, the team decided to splash out on a spa day to relax and rejuvenate. 
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unaffordable
unaffordable
[Adjective]

too expensive for someone to pay for

Ex: Housing in the city is becoming unaffordable. 
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well-off
well-off
[Adjective]

having enough money to cover one's expenses and maintain a desirable lifestyle

Ex: Despite not being wealthy, they were well-off enough to afford a nice vacation every year. 
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to [keep] {one's} [head] above water

to manage to stay strong and determined, despite the likelihood of failure

Ex: Even with his debts piling up, he managed to keep his head above water. 
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balance
balance
[noun]

the sum of money that is left in a bank account

Ex: After paying bills and expenses, she always checks her balance to ensure she has enough money left for savings. 
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low-cost
low-cost
[Adjective]

relatively cheap compared to others of its kind

Ex: The airline offers low-cost flights to popular destinations. 
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tariff
tariff
[noun]

a tax paid on goods imported or exported

Ex: The government imposed a tariff on imported steel to protect domestic producers. 
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to top up
to top up
[Verb]

to add credit or money to a prepaid phone account to enable continued use of its services

Ex: I need to top up my phone quickly; I'm almost out of minutes. 
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profitable
profitable
[Adjective]

(of a business) providing benefits or valuable returns

Ex: The new marketing strategy proved highly profitable, increasing the company's revenue by 20% in just six months. 
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quotation
quotation
[noun]

a statement indicating the cost of a specific service or piece of work

Ex: The contractor provided a detailed quotation for the renovation project, outlining materials and labor costs. 
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affluence
affluence
[noun]

the state of having a large amount of money, valuable possessions, or other material resources

Ex: The family enjoyed a life of affluence in their luxurious mansion. 
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net
net
[noun]

the amount remaining after all deductions, especially the excess of revenues over outlays during a given period

Ex: The company reported a net of $50,000 for the quarter. 
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