Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Farming and Vegetation

Here you will learn some English words about farming and vegetation, such as "arable", "croft", "silage", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL
arable [adjective]

having the capacity to be used to grow crops

Ex: She checked the soil quality to ensure it was arable .
fallow [adjective]

(of farmland) not used for growing crops for a period of time, especially for the quality of the soil to improve

Ex: Heavy rains made the site too waterlogged for crops , so it remained fallow until spring .
coniferous [adjective]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

to feed farm animals with any agricultural foodstuff that is specifically for domesticated livestock

to supply crops, land, etc. with water, typically by artificial means

Ex: The gardeners irrigate the flower beds with drip irrigation to conserve water .

(of a seed or plant) to begin growing

Ex:
blight [noun]

a plant disease that causes withering, discoloration, or death without immediate rotting

Ex: Farmers struggled to contain the spread of fungal blight .
croft [noun]

a small rented farm around a house or the house itself, especially in Scotland

a piece of mechanical equipment used to break up the soil and remove weeds from the ground

hedgerow [noun]

a line of shrubs, bushes, or small trees that are planted along the edge of a field or road, especially in the UK

a dwelling, usually a farmhouse, together with its adjoining land

Ex: Early settlers built a modest homestead near the river .

the practice of cultivating and breeding crops and animals and taking care of them

manure [noun]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

pasture [noun]

a field covered with grass or similar herbs suitable for animals to graze on

reaper [noun]

a person who gathers the harvest on a farm

silage [noun]

grass or other green crops that are harvested and stored without being dried to be fed to animals in winter

a small device with holes that is put on the end of a hose, used for watering soil or lawns; a piece of equipment that is utilized in case a building is on fire

Ex: We need to fix the broken sprinkler before the grass gets too dry .
vintage [noun]

the grapes harvested or wine produced in a specific year or season

Ex: Wine enthusiasts eagerly awaited the release of the new vintage from the renowned vineyard .
botany [noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex:
biennial [noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

bough [noun]

a major branch of a tree

Ex: The tree ’s lower boughs were covered in snow .
bramble [noun]

a thorny shrub of the rose family on which blackberries grow

Ex: I love picking fresh blackberries from the bramble near my house.
foliage [noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: She admired the intricate patterns of the foliage in the forest .
sapling [noun]

a small and young tree

Ex: They carefully protected the young saplings from deer .

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

Ex: During autumn , chlorophyll breaks down in deciduous plants , revealing other pigments and causing leaves to change color .
aspen [noun]

a tree of the poplar family, with leaves that move even in the breeze

banyan [noun]

a South Asian fig tree that can grow new trunks and roots from its branch

beech [noun]

a large forest tree with a smooth grey trunk, shiny leaves, and small nuts

a wild plant with cup-shaped flowers that are small, bright, and yellow

a type of Dianthus often bright-colored and used for formal occasions

cedar [noun]

a tall evergreen tree from the conifer family that has wide spreading branches

clover [noun]

a small wild plant of the pea family usually with three round leaves, often pink, purple, or white

cypress [noun]

a type of evergreen conifer tree with small rounded woody cones

a small plant of the daisy family with a yellow flower that turns into a fluffy white ball of seeds

elm [noun]

a type of tall deciduous tree with rough serrated leaves

hibiscus [noun]

a tropical plant of the mallow family that has large and brightly colored flowers

iris [noun]

a plant with long narrow leaves and large yellow or purple flowers

Ex: The iris flower 's intricate pattern and deep purple hue made it a popular choice for floral arrangements at weddings and special events .
mimosa [noun]

a plant whose leaves droop when touched

Ex: She decorated the tables at the wedding reception with arrangements of mimosa flowers , adding a touch of elegance to the celebration .