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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Farming and Vegetation

Here you will learn some English words about farming and vegetation, such as "arable", "croft", "silage", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
arable
arable
[Adjective]

having the capacity to be used to grow crops

Ex: The farm has large arable fields perfect for wheat. 
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fallow
fallow
[Adjective]

(of farmland) not used for growing crops for a period of time, especially for the quality of the soil to improve

Ex: After years of continuous wheat planting, the farmer kept one field fallow to let the earth regain fertility. 
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coniferous
coniferous
[Adjective]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

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deciduous
deciduous
[Adjective]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

Ex: The deciduous trees turned orange in autumn. 
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to fodder
to fodder
[Verb]

to feed farm animals with any agricultural foodstuff that is specifically for domesticated livestock

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to irrigate

to supply crops, land, etc. with water, typically by artificial means

Ex: They irrigate the fields using a network of sprinklers to ensure even water distribution. 
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to sprout
to sprout
[Verb]

(of a seed or plant) to begin growing

Ex: She plants seeds in the garden and watches them sprout after a few days. 
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blight
blight
[noun]

a plant disease that causes withering, discoloration, or death without immediate rotting

Ex: The tomato plants showed signs of blight, with curled leaves and brown spots. 
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croft
croft
[noun]

a small rented farm around a house or the house itself, especially in Scotland

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cultivator

a piece of mechanical equipment used to break up the soil and remove weeds from the ground

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hedgerow
hedgerow
[noun]

a line of shrubs, bushes, or small trees that are planted along the edge of a field or road, especially in the UK

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homestead
homestead
[noun]

a dwelling, usually a farmhouse, together with its adjoining land

Ex: The family returned to their homestead after the harvest. 
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husbandry
husbandry
[noun]

the practice of cultivating and breeding crops and animals and taking care of them

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manure
manure
[noun]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

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pasture
pasture
[noun]

a field where animals eat grass

Ex: The cows are grazing in the green pasture. 
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reaper
reaper
[noun]

a person who cuts and collects crops when they are ready

Ex: The reaper worked in the wheat field all day. 
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rustler
rustler
[noun]

someone who steals farm animals

Ex: The rancher reported a rustler to the authorities. 
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silage
silage
[noun]

grass or other green crops that are harvested and stored without being dried to be fed to animals in winter

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sprinkler
sprinkler
[noun]

a small device with holes that is put on the end of a hose, used for watering soil or lawns; a piece of equipment that is utilized in case a building is on fire

Ex: I turned on the sprinkler to water the garden while I was inside. 
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vintage
vintage
[noun]

the grapes harvested or wine produced in a specific year or season

Ex: The restaurant offers a selection of wines from the 2015 vintage, known for its rich flavor. 
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botany
botany
[noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: She majored in botany to learn about plant genetics and classification. 
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biennial
biennial
[noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

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bough
bough
[noun]

a major branch of a tree

Ex: The bird perched on the thickest bough of the tree. 
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bramble
bramble
[noun]

a thorny shrub of the rose family on which blackberries grow

Ex: I love picking fresh blackberries from the bramble near my house. 
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foliage
foliage
[noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: The dense foliage provided a cool shade on a hot day. 
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sapling
sapling
[noun]

a small and young tree

Ex: The forest was filled with many new saplings. 
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chlorophyll

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

Ex: Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of plants, reflecting its role in photosynthesis. 
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aspen
aspen
[noun]

a tree of the poplar family, with leaves that move even in the breeze

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banyan
banyan
[noun]

a South Asian fig tree that can grow new trunks and roots from its branch

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beech
beech
[noun]

a large forest tree with a smooth grey trunk, shiny leaves, and small nuts

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buttercup
buttercup
[noun]

a wild plant with cup-shaped flowers that are small, bright, and yellow

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carnation
carnation
[noun]

a type of Dianthus often bright-colored and used for formal occasions

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cedar
cedar
[noun]

a tall evergreen tree from the conifer family that has wide spreading branches

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clover
clover
[noun]

a small wild plant of the pea family usually with three round leaves, often pink, purple, or white

Ex: The field was full of green clover. 
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cypress
cypress
[noun]

a type of evergreen conifer tree with small rounded woody cones

Ex: The cypress trees lined the pathway. 
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dandelion
dandelion
[noun]

a small plant with yellow flowers that turn into round, fluffy seed heads

Ex: Children blew the seeds off a dandelion. 
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elm
elm
[noun]

a type of tall deciduous tree with rough serrated leaves

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hibiscus
hibiscus
[noun]

a tropical plant of the mallow family that has large and brightly colored flowers

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iris
iris
[noun]

a plant with long narrow leaves and large yellow or purple flowers

Ex: In the garden, the tall iris plants stood proudly, their striking purple blooms catching the sunlight. 
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mimosa
mimosa
[noun]

a plant whose leaves droop when touched

Ex: The mimosa tree in our backyard fills the air with a sweet fragrance when its pink flowers bloom in the spring. 
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