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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Farming and Vegetation

Here you will learn some English words about farming and vegetation, such as "arable", "croft", "silage", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
arable
[Adjective]

having the capacity to be used to grow crops

Ex: Arable farming requires land that is suitable for growing crops .
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fallow
[Adjective]

(of farmland) not used for growing crops for a period of time, especially for the quality of the soil to improve

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coniferous
[Adjective]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

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deciduous
[Adjective]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

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to fodder
[Verb]

to feed farm animals with any agricultural foodstuff that is specifically for domesticated livestock

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to supply crops, land, etc. with water, typically by artificial means

Ex: irrigates the vegetable garden with a hose and sprinkler attachment .
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to sprout
[Verb]

(of a seed or plant) to begin growing

Ex: The farmer observes the wheat sprouting in the field after the rain .
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blight
[noun]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

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croft
[noun]

a small rented farm around a house or the house itself, especially in Scotland

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a piece of mechanical equipment used to break up the soil and remove weeds from the ground

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hedgerow
[noun]

a line of shrubs, bushes, or small trees that are planted along the edge of a field or road, especially in the UK

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homestead
[noun]

a house, especially a farmhouse, with the land and buildings surrounding it

Ex: In the distance , the lights of homestead twinkled in the twilight , welcoming weary travelers with promises of warmth and hospitality .
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husbandry
[noun]

the practice of cultivating and breeding crops and animals and taking care of them

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manure
[noun]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

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pasture
[noun]

a field covered with grass or similar herbs suitable for animals to graze on

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reaper
[noun]

a person who gathers the harvest on a farm

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rustler
[noun]

someone who steals farm animals

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silage
[noun]

grass or other green crops that are harvested and stored without being dried to be fed to animals in winter

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sprinkler
[noun]

a small device with holes that is put on the end of a hose, used for watering soil or lawns; a piece of equipment that is utilized in case a building is on fire

Ex: She adjusted sprinkler so it could reach the far corner of the yard .
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vintage
[noun]

the grapes harvested or wine produced in a specific year or season

Ex: They compared the flavors of vintages to understand how weather impacts wine production .
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botany
[noun]

the scientific study of plants, their structure, genetics, classification, etc.

Ex: The university offers a degree botany with specializations in various plant sciences .
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biennial
[noun]

a plant that lives for two years and in its second year produces seeds and flowers

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bough
[noun]

a major branch of a tree

Ex: A bird ’s nest was tucked in a bough, hidden from view .
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bramble
[noun]

a thorny shrub of the rose family on which blackberries grow

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foliage
[noun]

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

Ex: In autumn , foliage of the trees turns brilliant shades of red and orange .
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sapling
[noun]

a small and young tree

Ex: sapling grew quickly with plenty of sunlight and nutrients .
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a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

Ex: Algae and cyanobacteria also chlorophyll, allowing them to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis .
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aspen
[noun]

a tree of the poplar family, with leaves that move even in the breeze

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banyan
[noun]

a South Asian fig tree that can grow new trunks and roots from its branch

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beech
[noun]

a large forest tree with a smooth grey trunk, shiny leaves, and small nuts

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buttercup
[noun]

a wild plant with cup-shaped flowers that are small, bright, and yellow

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carnation
[noun]

a type of Dianthus often bright-colored and used for formal occasions

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cedar
[noun]

a tall evergreen tree from the conifer family that has wide spreading branches

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clover
[noun]

a small wild plant of the pea family usually with three round leaves, often pink, purple, or white

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cypress
[noun]

a type of evergreen conifer tree with small rounded woody cones

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dandelion
[noun]

a small plant of the daisy family with a yellow flower that turns into a fluffy white ball of seeds

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elm
[noun]

a type of tall deciduous tree with rough serrated leaves

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hibiscus
[noun]

a tropical plant of the mallow family that has large and brightly colored flowers

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iris
[noun]

a plant with long narrow leaves and large yellow or purple flowers

Ex: Van Gogh 's famous painting Irises" captures the essence of these elegant flowers , portraying their graceful form and vivid colors with artistic flair .
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mimosa
[noun]

a plant whose leaves droop when touched

Ex: mimosa shrub is known for its ability to thrive in sandy soils and coastal climates , making it a popular choice for seaside gardens .
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