سات العلوم الإنسانية - السلطة والحكم

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

ولاء, إخلاص

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

تحالف

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

لوبي, مجموعة ضغط

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

حليف, شريك

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

الملك, الحاكم

the action of assuming an important position or title

تولي, تمكن

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

خليفة, خلف

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

سلالة, أسرة

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

استبداد

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

ديكتاتور

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

حق الاقتراع, السماح بالتصويت

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

إصلاح, تحسين

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

مقاتل حرب عصابات, مقاتلة حرب عصابات

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

تمرد, ثورة

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

تمرد

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

ثورة, تمرد

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

تحريض

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

انتفاضة, ثورة

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

عبودية

the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's choices, actions, or beliefs

حرية

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

تحرير, تحرر

the state of being free from the control of others

استقلال

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

نظام, حكومة استبدادية

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

استبدادي, طاغي

ordered or required by a rule or law

إلزامي, واجب

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

متمرد, تحريضي

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

الأغلبية, الأكثرية

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

إمبراطوري

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

بحري, نَوَٰبِيل

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

تنازل, استسلم

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

استحوذ, أخذ قسراً

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

يتخلى عن العرش

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

تنفيذ, فرض

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

أمر, قاد

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

مُقاطعة, رفض المشاركة في

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

يسيطر, يتحكم

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

اغتصاب, استيلاء

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

يمنح الحق, يخول

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

استعمار, تأسيس مستعمرات

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

تصديق, اعتماد

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

فرض عقوبة, معاقبة

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

إلغاء, إبطال

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

ضمّ, توسيع

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

مضطهد, مغلوب على أمره