Humanistyka SAT - Władza i rządy

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

lojalność, oddanie

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

koalicja

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, grupa nacisku

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

sojusznik, partner

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarcha, król

the action of assuming an important position or title

objęcie, wejście

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

następca, następczyni

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dynastia, rodzina

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotyzm

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dyktator

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

prawo wyborcze, sufrażystki

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

reforma, poprawa

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

partyzant, partyzantka

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

bunt, rewolta

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

bunt

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

bunt, rewolucja

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

bunt

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

powstanie, bunt

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

niewola

the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's choices, actions, or beliefs

wolność

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

wyzwolenie, emancypacja

the state of being free from the control of others

niepodległość

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

reżim, rząd autorytarny

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tyrani, despotyczny

ordered or required by a rule or law

obowiązkowy, przymusowy

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

buntowniczy, rewolucyjny

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

większościowy, większości

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperialny

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

morski, marynarski

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

zrzec się, oddać

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

przejmować, wysiedlać

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdykować

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

wdrażać, egzekwować

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

rozkazywać, dowodzić

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

bojkotować, nie brać udziału w

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominować, kontrolować

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

uzurpować, przejmować

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

przyznać prawo, upoważnić

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

kolonizować, osiedlać się

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratyfikować, zatwierdzić

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

nałożyć sankcję, ukarać

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

uchylać, unieważniać

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

aneksować, przyłączyć

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

uciskany, potępiony