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人文学科SAT - 权力与统治

在这里,你将学习一些与权力和统治相关的英语单词,如“coalition”、“suffrage”、“abdicate”等,这些单词是你通过SAT考试所需要的。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
allegiance
[名词]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

忠诚, 效忠

忠诚, 效忠

Ex: The secret society demanded complete allegiance from its members .秘密社团要求其成员完全**效忠**。
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coalition
[名词]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

联盟, 同盟

联盟, 同盟

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .工会与学生组织结成了**联盟**,以倡导更好的工作条件和负担得起的教育。
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lobby
[名词]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

游说团体, 压力集团

游说团体, 压力集团

Ex: The gun rights lobby mobilized its members to oppose proposed gun control legislation through grassroots campaigns and lobbying efforts .枪支权利**游说团体**通过基层运动和游说努力动员其成员反对提出的枪支管制立法。
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ally
[名词]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

盟友, 伙伴

盟友, 伙伴

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.即使在和平时期,两国仍是亲密的**盟友**,在经济和环境问题上合作。
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monarch
[名词]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

君主, 帝王

君主, 帝王

Ex: He collected coins and stamps featuring images of various historical monarchs.他收集了印有各种历史**君主**图像的硬币和邮票。
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accession
[名词]

the action of assuming an important position or title

登基, 继位

登基, 继位

Ex: After years of training and dedication , his accession to the rank of general was a proud moment for his family .经过多年的训练和奉献,他**晋升**为将军是他家人的骄傲时刻。
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successor
[名词]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

继任者, 继承人

继任者, 继承人

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder 's legacy and lead it into the future .公司渴望找到一个值得的**继任者**来延续创始人的遗产并将其引领到未来。
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dynasty
[名词]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

朝代

朝代

Ex: Historians study the rise and fall of various dynasties to understand political changes over time .历史学家研究各个**王朝**的兴衰,以了解政治随时间的变化。
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despotism
[名词]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

专制主义, 暴政

专制主义, 暴政

Ex: The transition from despotism to democracy required a prolonged struggle for civil rights and political freedoms .从**专制主义**到民主的过渡需要为公民权利和政治自由进行长期的斗争。
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dictator
[名词]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

独裁者, 暴君

独裁者, 暴君

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .在**独裁者**统治下受苦多年后,人民起来革命要求民主。
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suffrage
[名词]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

选举权, 投票权

选举权, 投票权

Ex: Universal suffrage ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote.**普选**确保所有成年公民都有投票权。
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reform
[名词]

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

改革

改革

Ex: The labor reform campaign sought to strengthen workers ' rights and improve workplace conditions nationwide .劳动**改革**运动旨在加强工人权利并改善全国工作场所条件。
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guerrilla
[名词]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

游击队员, 游击队

游击队员, 游击队

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by modern-day guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .这部纪录片探讨了冲突地区现代**游击**战士的动机和面临的挑战。
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rebellion
[名词]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

叛乱, 造反

叛乱, 造反

Ex: The king tried to negotiate with the leaders of the rebellion.国王试图与**叛乱**的领导人谈判。
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mutiny
[名词]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

兵变, 叛乱

兵变, 叛乱

Ex: The idea of a mutiny started when the troops did n't get their proper pay and benefits .**兵变**的想法始于部队没有得到适当的工资和福利。
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revolt
[名词]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

起义, 叛乱

起义, 叛乱

Ex: The revolt spread quickly across the region , gaining support .**起义**迅速蔓延到整个地区,获得了支持。
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sedition
[名词]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

煽动叛乱, 叛乱

煽动叛乱, 叛乱

Ex: Distributing flyers promoting armed rebellion resulted in charges of sedition against the activist group .分发宣传武装叛乱的传单导致活动家团体被指控**煽动叛乱**。
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uprising
[名词]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

起义, 暴动

起义, 暴动

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servitude
[名词]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

奴役, 束缚

奴役, 束缚

Ex: Human trafficking victims often suffer from prolonged periods of servitude, subjected to physical and psychological abuse .人口贩运的受害者常常遭受长期的**奴役**,受到身体和心理上的虐待。
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liberty
[名词]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

自由, 自由意志

自由, 自由意志

Ex: Everyone should have the liberty to follow their own beliefs .每个人都应该有遵循自己信仰的**自由**。
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liberation
[名词]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

解放, 自由化

解放, 自由化

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a pivotal period in the struggle for racial liberation and equality .美国的民权运动是争取种族**解放**和平等斗争中的一个关键时期。
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independence
[名词]

the state of being free from the control of others

独立, 自治

独立, 自治

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .许多人在职业生涯中努力追求**独立**,寻求自给自足。
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regime
[名词]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

政权, 专制政府

政权, 专制政府

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.专制**政权**对媒体实施了严格的审查。
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tyrannical
[形容词]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

暴虐的, 专制的

暴虐的, 专制的

Ex: Throughout history , societies have risen up against tyrannical regimes in the pursuit of freedom and equality .纵观历史,社会为追求自由和平等而奋起反抗**暴虐**政权。
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mandatory
[形容词]

ordered or required by a rule or law

强制的, 必须的

强制的, 必须的

Ex: Attending the annual general meeting is mandatory for all shareholders .参加年度股东大会对所有股东来说是**强制性的**。
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seditious
[形容词]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

煽动性的, 叛乱的

煽动性的, 叛乱的

Ex: Seditious acts are closely monitored by law enforcement agencies to safeguard national security and public order .**煽动性**行为受到执法机构的密切监视,以维护国家安全和公共秩序。
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majoritarian
[形容词]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

多数主义的, 基于多数的

多数主义的, 基于多数的

Ex: Majoritarian tendencies in policymaking can lead to the neglect of marginalized communities.政策制定中的**多数主义**倾向可能导致对边缘化社区的忽视。
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imperial
[形容词]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

帝国的, 皇帝的

帝国的, 皇帝的

Ex: The decline of the imperial system marked the end of an era in history .**帝国**制度的衰落标志着历史上一个时代的结束。
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naval
[形容词]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

海军的, 与海洋有关的

海军的, 与海洋有关的

Ex: Naval architects design ships for various purposes , from cargo transport to military operations .**海军**建筑师设计用于各种用途的船舶,从货物运输到军事行动。
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to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

放弃, 让出

放弃, 让出

Ex: The company had to relinquish its hold on the market .该公司不得不**放弃**其对市场的控制。
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to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

征用, 没收

征用, 没收

Ex: In times of war , authorities have the power to commandeer resources necessary for defense efforts .在战争时期,当局有权**征用**防御工作所需的资源。
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to abdicate
[动词]

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

退位, 放弃王位

退位, 放弃王位

Ex: The ruler is abdicating the throne due to health concerns .统治者因健康问题正在**退位**。
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to enforce
[动词]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

执行, 确保遵守

执行, 确保遵守

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .安保人员**执行**场馆的规则,以确保所有参与者的安全和享受。
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to command
[动词]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

命令, 指挥

命令, 指挥

Ex: The coach commands the team to focus on their defensive strategy .教练**命令**团队专注于他们的防守策略。
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to boycott
[动词]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

抵制, 参与抵制

抵制, 参与抵制

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies .由于不公平的评分政策,学校**抵制**了考试。
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to dominate
[动词]

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

支配, 控制

支配, 控制

Ex: The company dominates the tech industry , controlling most of the market share .该公司**主导**科技行业,控制了大部分市场份额。
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to usurp
[动词]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

篡夺, 非法夺取

篡夺, 非法夺取

Ex: The prince was accused of trying to usurp his elder brother 's position .王子被指控试图**篡夺**他哥哥的位置。
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to entitle
[动词]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

给予权利, 授权

给予权利, 授权

Ex: Owning property in the neighborhood often entitles residents to certain community privileges .在社区拥有房产通常**赋予**居民某些社区特权。
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to colonize
[动词]

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

殖民, 建立殖民地

殖民, 建立殖民地

Ex: While facing challenges , pioneers were colonizing the unexplored territories .面对挑战时,先驱者们正在**殖民**未开发的领土。
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to ratify
[动词]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

批准, 正式认可

批准, 正式认可

Ex: The board of directors met to ratify the merger agreement between the two companies , officially sealing the deal .董事会召开会议**批准**两家公司之间的合并协议,正式达成交易。
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to sanction
[动词]

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

制裁, 处罚

制裁, 处罚

Ex: The government sanctioned the company for tax evasion , imposing penalties and seizing assets to recover the owed taxes .政府因逃税对公司进行了**制裁**,处以罚款并没收资产以追回所欠税款。
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to overrule
[动词]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

推翻, 否决

推翻, 否决

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court can overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .在宪法法律中,如果认为立法违宪,高等法院可以**推翻**立法。
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to annex
[动词]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

吞并, 并入

吞并, 并入

Ex: The ruler 's ambition was to annex neighboring kingdoms to consolidate his power .统治者的野心是**吞并**邻国以巩固他的权力。
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downtrodden
[形容词]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

受压迫的, 被践踏的

受压迫的, 被践踏的

Ex: The novel tells the story of the downtrodden protagonist who rises against adversity .这部小说讲述了一个**受压迫的**主人公对抗逆境的故事。
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