Humanités SAT - Pouvoir et gouvernement

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

allégeance, fidélité

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalition

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

lobby, groupe de pression

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

allié, alliée

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarque

the action of assuming an important position or title

accession, arrivée

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

successeur

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dynastie

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotisme

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictateur, dictatrice

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

suffrage

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

réforme, amélioration

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guérillero

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

rébellion, insurrection

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

mutinerie

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

révolte, insurrection

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

insurrection, soulèvement, sédition, rébellion

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

soulèvement

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

servitude, esclavage

the state of being free from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's choices, actions, or beliefs

liberté

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

libération, émancipation

the state of being free from the control of others

indépendance

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régime

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tyrannique

ordered or required by a rule or law

obligatoire

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

séditieux, séditieuse

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

majoritaire, sans égard aux minorités

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

impérial

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

naval

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

renoncer à

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

réquisitionner

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdiquer

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

faire appliquer, faire respecter

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

ordonner

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boycotter

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominer

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

usurper

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

donner à [qqn] le droit à [qch], autoriser [qqn] à

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

coloniser, s'installer

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratifier

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sanctionner, punir

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

ne pas tenir compte de l'avis de

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

annexer, incorporer

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

opprimé, maltraité