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Humanidades SAT - Poder y Gobierno

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con el poder y el gobierno, como "coalición", "sufragio", "abdicar", etc., que necesitarás para superar tus SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
allegiance
[Sustantivo]

a committed loyalty or dedication to a particular cause, group, or belief

lealtad

lealtad

Ex: The secret society demanded complete allegiance from its members .La sociedad secreta exigía **lealtad** completa de sus miembros.
coalition
[Sustantivo]

an alliance between two or more countries or between political parties when forming a government or during elections

coalición

coalición

Ex: The trade union formed a coalition with student organizations to advocate for better working conditions and affordable education .El sindicato formó una **coalición** con organizaciones estudiantiles para abogar por mejores condiciones laborales y una educación asequible.
lobby
[Sustantivo]

an organized group of individuals or organizations that actively seek to influence public officials and policymakers on specific issues or laws

grupo de presión, lobby

grupo de presión, lobby

Ex: The gun rights lobby mobilized its members to oppose proposed gun control legislation through grassroots campaigns and lobbying efforts .El **lobby** de los derechos de las armas movilizó a sus miembros para oponerse a la legislación propuesta sobre control de armas a través de campañas de base y esfuerzos de cabildeo.
ally
[Sustantivo]

a country that aids another country, particularly if a war breaks out

aliado

aliado

Ex: Even in peacetime, the two countries remained close allies, working together on economic and environmental issues.Incluso en tiempos de paz, los dos países siguieron siendo **aliados** cercanos, trabajando juntos en cuestiones económicas y ambientales.
monarch
[Sustantivo]

a person who has the power to rule over a kingdom or empire, especially someone who inherits this power

monarca

monarca

Ex: He collected coins and stamps featuring images of various historical monarchs.Coleccionaba monedas y sellos con imágenes de varios **monarcas** históricos.
accession
[Sustantivo]

the action of assuming an important position or title

accesión, ascenso

accesión, ascenso

Ex: After years of training and dedication , his accession to the rank of general was a proud moment for his family .Después de años de entrenamiento y dedicación, su **ascenso** al rango de general fue un momento de orgullo para su familia.
successor
[Sustantivo]

a person or thing that is next in line to someone or something else

sucesor

sucesor

Ex: The company was eager to find a worthy successor to continue the founder 's legacy and lead it into the future .La empresa estaba ansiosa por encontrar un **sucesor** digno para continuar el legado del fundador y liderarlo hacia el futuro.
dynasty
[Sustantivo]

a lineage of kings who rule a country or nation over a long period of time

dinastía

dinastía

Ex: Historians study the rise and fall of various dynasties to understand political changes over time .Los historiadores estudian el ascenso y la caída de varias **dinastías** para comprender los cambios políticos a lo largo del tiempo.
despotism
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where a single ruler or authority exercises absolute power without checks or limitations

despotismo

despotismo

Ex: The transition from despotism to democracy required a prolonged struggle for civil rights and political freedoms .La transición del **despotismo** a la democracia requirió una lucha prolongada por los derechos civiles y las libertades políticas.
dictator
[Sustantivo]

a ruler that has total power over a state, particularly a ruler who gained power through force

dictador, déspota

dictador, déspota

Ex: After years of suffering under the dictator, the people rose up in a revolution to demand democracy .Después de años de sufrimiento bajo el **dictador**, el pueblo se levantó en una revolución para exigir democracia.
suffrage
[Sustantivo]

the right or privilege of casting a vote in public elections

sufragio

sufragio

Ex: Universal suffrage ensures that all adult citizens have the right to vote.El **sufragio** universal garantiza que todos los ciudadanos adultos tengan el derecho a votar.
reform
[Sustantivo]

organized efforts aimed at improving or changing existing laws, policies, or practices to address perceived injustices or inefficiencies

reforma

reforma

Ex: The labor reform campaign sought to strengthen workers ' rights and improve workplace conditions nationwide .La campaña de **reforma** laboral buscaba fortalecer los derechos de los trabajadores y mejorar las condiciones laborales en todo el país.
guerrilla
[Sustantivo]

a person who participates in irregular fighting as a member of an unofficial military group

guerrillero

guerrillero

Ex: The documentary explored the motivations and challenges faced by modern-day guerrilla fighters in conflict zones .El documental exploró las motivaciones y los desafíos que enfrentan los combatientes **guerrilleros** modernos en las zonas de conflicto.
rebellion
[Sustantivo]

an organized action, usually violent, against an authority, attempting to bring about a change

rebelión

rebelión

Ex: The king tried to negotiate with the leaders of the rebellion.El rey intentó negociar con los líderes de la **rebelión**.
mutiny
[Sustantivo]

a bold uprising by a group, often soldiers or sailors, against their leaders

motín

motín

Ex: The idea of a mutiny started when the troops did n't get their proper pay and benefits .La idea de un **motín** comenzó cuando las tropas no recibieron su pago y beneficios adecuados.
revolt
[Sustantivo]

a rebellion or uprising, often involving violence, by a group of people against an authority or ruling power

revuelta, sublevación

revuelta, sublevación

Ex: The revolt spread quickly across the region , gaining support .La **rebelión** se extendió rápidamente por la región, ganando apoyo.
sedition
[Sustantivo]

the act of rebellion or resistance against established authority, typically through speech or conduct

sedición

sedición

Ex: Distributing flyers promoting armed rebellion resulted in charges of sedition against the activist group .Distribuir folletos promoviendo una rebelión armada resultó en cargos de **sedición** contra el grupo activista.
uprising
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

levantamiento

levantamiento

servitude
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which individuals are forced to work or provide services against their will, without the ability to freely leave or negotiate their conditions

esclavitud

esclavitud

Ex: Human trafficking victims often suffer from prolonged periods of servitude, subjected to physical and psychological abuse .Las víctimas de la trata de personas a menudo sufren períodos prolongados de **servidumbre**, sometidas a abusos físicos y psicológicos.
liberty
[Sustantivo]

the ability to make decisions or act freely according to one's own will, without being restricted by external constraints

libertad, libre albedrío

libertad, libre albedrío

Ex: Everyone should have the liberty to follow their own beliefs .Todos deberían tener la **libertad** de seguir sus propias creencias.
liberation
[Sustantivo]

the pursuit or achievement of equal rights, freedoms, or social status for individuals or groups previously oppressed or restricted

liberación, emancipación

liberación, emancipación

Ex: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States was a pivotal period in the struggle for racial liberation and equality .El Movimiento por los Derechos Civiles en los Estados Unidos fue un período crucial en la lucha por la **liberación** racial y la igualdad.
independence
[Sustantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

independencia

independencia

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .Muchas personas luchan por la **independencia** en sus carreras, buscando la autosuficiencia.
regime
[Sustantivo]

a system of governing that is authoritarian and usually not selected in a fair election

régimen

régimen

Ex: The authoritarian regime imposed strict censorship on the media.El **régimen** autoritario impuso una estricta censura a los medios.
tyrannical
[Adjetivo]

using power or authority in a cruel and oppressive way against other people

tiránico

tiránico

Ex: Throughout history , societies have risen up against tyrannical regimes in the pursuit of freedom and equality .A lo largo de la historia, las sociedades se han levantado contra regímenes **tiránicos** en busca de libertad e igualdad.
mandatory
[Adjetivo]

ordered or required by a rule or law

obligatorio

obligatorio

Ex: Attending the annual general meeting is mandatory for all shareholders .Asistir a la reunión general anual es **obligatorio** para todos los accionistas.
seditious
[Adjetivo]

(of actions, speech, writings, etc.) encouraging rebellion against established authority or government

sedicioso, rebelde

sedicioso, rebelde

Ex: Seditious acts are closely monitored by law enforcement agencies to safeguard national security and public order .Los actos **sediciosos** son monitoreados de cerca por las agencias de aplicación de la ley para salvaguardar la seguridad nacional y el orden público.
majoritarian
[Adjetivo]

making decisions based on the preferences of the majority, often without significant consideration for the rights or interests of minority groups

mayoritario, de mayoría

mayoritario, de mayoría

Ex: Majoritarian tendencies in policymaking can lead to the neglect of marginalized communities.Las tendencias **mayoritarias** en la formulación de políticas pueden llevar al descuido de las comunidades marginadas.
imperial
[Adjetivo]

related to the characteristics or actions of an empire or emperor

imperial

imperial

Ex: The decline of the imperial system marked the end of an era in history .El declive del sistema **imperial** marcó el final de una era en la historia.
naval
[Adjetivo]

relating to the armed forces that operate at seas or waters in general

naval, marítimo

naval, marítimo

Ex: Naval architects design ships for various purposes , from cargo transport to military operations .Los arquitectos **navales** diseñan barcos para diversos propósitos, desde el transporte de carga hasta las operaciones militares.

to voluntarily give up or surrender control, possession, or responsibility over something

renunciar

renunciar

Ex: The company had to relinquish its hold on the market .La empresa tuvo que **renunciar** a su control sobre el mercado.

to officially take possession or control of something, typically for military or governmental purposes, often without the consent of the owner

requisar

requisar

Ex: In times of war , authorities have the power to commandeer resources necessary for defense efforts .En tiempos de guerra, las autoridades tienen el poder de **requisar** los recursos necesarios para los esfuerzos de defensa.

(of a monarch or ruler) to step down from a position of power

abdicar

abdicar

Ex: The ruler is abdicating the throne due to health concerns .El gobernante está **abdicando** el trono debido a problemas de salud.
to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .El personal de seguridad **hace cumplir** las reglas del lugar para garantizar la seguridad y el disfrute de todos los asistentes.
to command
[Verbo]

to give an official order to a person or an animal to perform a particular task

mandar

mandar

Ex: The coach commands the team to focus on their defensive strategy .El entrenador **ordena** al equipo que se concentre en su estrategia defensiva.
to boycott
[Verbo]

to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a way to show disapproval or to try to bring about a change

boicotear

boicotear

Ex: The school boycotted the exam because of unfair grading policies .La escuela **boicoteó** el examen debido a políticas de calificación injustas.

to have the power to completely or partially control someone or something

dominar

dominar

Ex: The company dominates the tech industry , controlling most of the market share .La empresa **domina** la industria tecnológica, controlando la mayor parte de la cuota de mercado.
to usurp
[Verbo]

to wrongly take someone else's position, power, or right

usurpar

usurpar

Ex: The prince was accused of trying to usurp his elder brother 's position .El príncipe fue acusado de intentar **usurpar** la posición de su hermano mayor.
to entitle
[Verbo]

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

dar derecho a

dar derecho a

Ex: Owning property in the neighborhood often entitles residents to certain community privileges .Ser propietario en el vecindario a menudo **da derecho** a los residentes a ciertos privilegios comunitarios.

to settle and build communities in new, often unexplored, areas

colonizar, establecer colonias

colonizar, establecer colonias

Ex: While facing challenges , pioneers were colonizing the unexplored territories .Mientras enfrentaban desafíos, los pioneros **colonizaban** los territorios inexplorados.
to ratify
[Verbo]

to formally approve a decision, action, etc., typically through an official process or legal means

ratificar

ratificar

Ex: The board of directors met to ratify the merger agreement between the two companies , officially sealing the deal .La junta directiva se reunió para **ratificar** el acuerdo de fusión entre las dos empresas, sellando oficialmente el trato.

to impose a penalty or punitive measure upon an individual, entity, or action

sancionar, penalizar

sancionar, penalizar

Ex: The government sanctioned the company for tax evasion , imposing penalties and seizing assets to recover the owed taxes .El gobierno **sancionó** a la empresa por evasión de impuestos, imponiendo multas e incautando bienes para recuperar los impuestos adeudados.

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court can overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .En el derecho constitucional, un tribunal superior puede **anular** una legislación si se considera inconstitucional.
to annex
[Verbo]

to take control of or incorporate additional land into an existing country or state

anexar, incorporar

anexar, incorporar

Ex: The ruler 's ambition was to annex neighboring kingdoms to consolidate his power .La ambición del gobernante era **anexar** los reinos vecinos para consolidar su poder.
downtrodden
[Adjetivo]

oppressed or treated unfairly, especially by those in power

oprimido, avasallado

oprimido, avasallado

Ex: The novel tells the story of the downtrodden protagonist who rises against adversity .La novela cuenta la historia del protagonista **oprimido** que se levanta contra la adversidad.
Humanidades SAT
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