pattern

Hry - Podmínky pro šachy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s šachovými termíny, jako je „decoy“, „perpetual check“ a „gambit“.

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Words Related to Games
chessboard
[Podstatné jméno]

a square board with a grid of 64 alternating light and dark colored squares arranged in an 8x8 pattern, used for playing the game of chess

šachovnice, šachový stůl

šachovnice, šachový stůl

king
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess piece that is the most important and able to move in any direction but one square at a time

král, královna

král, královna

queen
[Podstatné jméno]

the most powerful piece in the game of chess that can move in any direction

dáma, královna

dáma, královna

rook
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess piece that is represented by a small tower-shaped object, typically with a pointed top, and is one of the six types of pieces used in the game

věž, torn

věž, torn

bishop
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess piece that is placed next to the king and next to the queen and moves in any direction diagonally

střelec, biskup

střelec, biskup

knight
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess piece that looks like the head of a horse and can either move two vertical and one horizontal squares or two horizontal and one vertical squares in any direction

jezdec, kavalír

jezdec, kavalír

pawn
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the eight weakest pieces in chess, usually smaller in size compared to other pieces

pěšec, figurka

pěšec, figurka

black
[Podstatné jméno]

the player who uses the pieces of the black color, who moves second in the game

černý, černého hráče

černý, černého hráče

Ex: At the end of the game, Black's careful positioning led to a checkmate victory.
white
[Podstatné jméno]

the player or side in chess that moves first, typically using the white pieces

Bílý, Bílé

Bílý, Bílé

Ex: In the chess lesson, White was advised to control the center and develop pieces early.
check
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess move that puts the opponent's king under the threat of a direct attack by the chess pieces of the other player

šach, mat

šach, mat

checkmate
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess move that makes the opponent's king unable to escape, which means that opponent has lost

mat, šachmat

mat, šachmat

draw
[Podstatné jméno]

when neither player is able to win the game, typically because there are no more legal moves available or because both players agree to a draw

remíza, dohoda o remíze

remíza, dohoda o remíze

stalemate
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in the game of chess where one is unable to make any legal moves while their king is not checkmated, therefore the game ends and no one wins

pat, remíza

pat, remíza

threefold repetition
[Podstatné jméno]

a rule that occurs when the same position on the board occurs three times with the same player to move, or if the same sequence of moves occurs three times with the same player to move, resulting in a draw or stalemate

trojité opakování, trojí opakování

trojité opakování, trojí opakování

Ex: She recognized threefold repetition and asked her opponent to agree to a draw .
time control
[Podstatné jméno]

the time each player has to make moves in a game, with formats like fixed per move or total game time, often including increments or delays

Ex: She time control in chess to avoid slow , drawn-out matches .
fifty-move rule
[Podstatné jméno]

a rule in chess stating that if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the previous fifty moves by each player, either player can claim a draw

padesátitahové pravidlo, pravidlo padesáti tahů

padesátitahové pravidlo, pravidlo padesáti tahů

Ex: The fifty-move rule saved me from a losing position, as I managed to force a draw without capturing any pieces.
castling
[Podstatné jméno]

a move in the game of chess that allows the king and one of the rooks to move simultaneously

rošáda, přesun krále

rošáda, přesun krále

Ex: He missed his chance for castling because there was a piece blocking the path between the king and rook.
en passant
[Podstatné jméno]

a special pawn capture move in chess that can occur when a pawn moves two squares forward from its starting position and lands adjacent to an opposing pawn on the fifth rank

en passant, přeskočení

en passant, přeskočení

zugzwang
[Podstatné jméno]

a term in chess used to describe a situation where a player would prefer to pass their turn and make no move, as any move they can make would put them in a weaker position or lead to an eventual loss

zugswang, povinnost táhnout

zugswang, povinnost táhnout

Ex: After many moves, the opponent set up a zugzwang situation, where I had no choice but to sacrifice my queen.
chess set
[Podstatné jméno]

a collection of pieces used to play the game of chess, typically consisting of 32 pieces in total, with 16 pieces for each player

šachový set, šachovna

šachový set, šachovna

chess clock
[Podstatné jméno]

a device used to time the moves of players during a game of chess, with two clocks typically used for each player, one with a button that stops their clock and starts their opponent's clock, and vice versa

šachový časovač, šachové hodiny

šachový časovač, šachové hodiny

Ex: She was under a lot of pressure because the chess clock was ticking down.
fast chess
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chess game with a significantly reduced time control compared to traditional chess, typically with each player having only a few minutes or seconds to make their moves

rychlá šachy, bleskové šachy

rychlá šachy, bleskové šachy

Ex: I ca n't concentrate well fast chess; I need more time to think about my moves .
algebraic notation
[Podstatné jméno]

a standardized system used to record and describe the moves made in a game of chess, with each square of the chessboard being assigned a unique letter and number coordinate, and each piece being represented by its first letter

algebraická notace, algebraický zápis

algebraická notace, algebraický zápis

Ex: In chess classes, the instructor taught us how to write down our moves using algebraic notation.
scholar's mate
[Podstatné jméno]

a four-move checkmate sequence in chess that can occur when one player moves their pawn to e4, their bishop to c4, and their queen to h5, threatening to checkmate the opposing king on f7

učencova dáma, vědecký mat

učencova dáma, vědecký mat

Ex: After a few moves, I saw a clear path to deliver scholar's mate and checkmate my opponent.
grandmaster
[Podstatné jméno]

the highest title a player can achieve, awarded by FIDE to players who have demonstrated exceptional skill and achievement in chess tournaments and matches

velmistr, mistr

velmistr, mistr

Ex: It took her decades of hard work to reach the level grandmaster, but she never gave up .
opening
[Podstatné jméno]

the initial stage of the game, where players make their first moves to develop their pieces and control the center of the board

otevření, zahájení

otevření, zahájení

middlegame
[Podstatné jméno]

the phase of the game that follows the opening, where players have developed their pieces and are looking to create an advantageous position on the board

střední hra, střední fáze hry

střední hra, střední fáze hry

endgame
[Podstatné jméno]

the final phase of the game that follows the middlegame, where only a few pieces remain on the board and where the focus shifts to pawn promotion, checkmate, and strategic play with the remaining pieces

klonění, konečná hra

klonění, konečná hra

chess problem
[Podstatné jméno]

a puzzle or challenge in the game of chess that involves finding a specific sequence of moves that leads to a particular outcome, such as a checkmate or a draw

šachový problém, šachová úloha

šachový problém, šachová úloha

Ex: I love using chess problems to practice tactics and sharpen my mind.
bye
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where a player is given a free point without having to play a game, typically due to an odd number of players in the tournament or an uneven number of rounds

volný los, volný bod

volný los, volný bod

blunder
[Podstatné jméno]

a serious tactical or positional mistake that results in a significant disadvantage or loss of material, often leading to a loss of the game

chyba, přehmat

chyba, přehmat

combination
[Podstatné jméno]

a sequence of moves that involves a tactical sacrifice or exchange of material to gain a positional or tactical advantage, often leading to a decisive advantage or checkmate

kombinace, taktická kombinace

kombinace, taktická kombinace

Ex: The combination created a powerful attack , ultimately leading to victory .
desperado
[Podstatné jméno]

a piece that is sacrificed with the aim of achieving tactical gains, especially in a losing or desperate situation

oběť, ztrátový kus

oběť, ztrátový kus

exchange
[Podstatné jméno]

the capture of a rook for a minor piece, such as a knight or bishop, or vice versa

výměna, výměna figur

výměna, výměna figur

fool's mate
[Podstatné jméno]

a two-move checkmate sequence in chess that can occur when one player makes an early mistake by moving their f-pawn or g-pawn too far forward, leaving their king vulnerable to attack

šachová blbost, mate blbce

šachová blbost, mate blbce

Ex: During a chess lesson, the coach used Fool's Mate to demonstrate why good pawn structure is important.
fork
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactic in which a single piece attacks two or more of the opponent's pieces at the same time, forcing the opponent to choose which piece to defend and allowing the attacker to capture the other

rozhodovací tah, fork

rozhodovací tah, fork

gambit
[Podstatné jméno]

(chess) an opening strategy in which a player voluntarily sacrifices a pawn or sometimes a more valuable piece, typically in the early moves of the game

gambit, otevření

gambit, otevření

open game
[Podstatné jméno]

a game that features early pawn exchanges and a relatively open center of the board, often resulting in more active and tactical play

otevřená hra, otevřený zápas

otevřená hra, otevřený zápas

Ex: Players who like attacking chess often open games to create quick tactical opportunities .
outpost
[Podstatné jméno]

a square on the board that is under the control of one player's pawn and cannot be attacked by the opponent's pawns, making it an ideal position for a knight or bishop to occupy and control important squares on the board

výspě, základna

výspě, základna

knight's tour
[Podstatné jméno]

a mathematical problem and a chess puzzle that involves finding a sequence of moves for a knight that visits every square on an empty chessboard exactly once

rytířský stez, rytířova cesta

rytířský stez, rytířova cesta

Ex: The chess enthusiast spent hours trying to figure out a closed knight's tour.
round-robin
[Podstatné jméno]

a tournament format where each team competes against all others, earning points for wins, draws, and losses

Ex: In round-robin format , every team gets a chance to compete against all the other teams .
sacrifice
[Podstatné jméno]

a deliberate move in which a player gives up material, such as a pawn, knight, bishop, rook, or even a queen, in exchange for a strategic or tactical advantage

obětování, sacrifík

obětování, sacrifík

semi-open game
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess game that starts with 1.e4, but where Black responds with a move other than 1...e5, often resulting in a closed or semi-closed position

polouzavřená partie, polouzavřená hra

polouzavřená partie, polouzavřená hra

Ex: The semi-open game gives both players an opportunity to create imbalances and seize the initiative.
simultaneous exhibition
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess event in which a strong player, usually a grandmaster, plays multiple games at the same time against a group of opponents, moving from board to board and making one move at a time

simultánní exhibice, simultánní šachová partie

simultánní exhibice, simultánní šachová partie

Ex: The grandmaster amazed the crowd with his ability to win every game during the simultaneous exhibition.
double check
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where the opponent's king is attacked by two pieces simultaneously, and the king must move because it cannot be protected by capturing one of the attacking pieces

dvojitá hrozba, dvojitý šach

dvojitá hrozba, dvojitý šach

discovered check
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactic where a player moves one of their pieces, revealing an attack on the opponent's king by another piece that was previously blocked or hidden behind the moving piece

objevený šach, skrytý šach

objevený šach, skrytý šach

Ex: Lily set up a discovered check that led to her opponent losing their queen .
discovered attack
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactic where moving one piece uncovers an attack by another piece, creating a double threat and putting pressure on the opponent

odhalený útok, objevený útok

odhalený útok, objevený útok

Ex: discovered attack forced me to defend two threats at once , making it hard to respond .
King's Indian defense
[Podstatné jméno]

a chess opening where Black sets up a strong defense and plans to attack the opponent's position later in the game

Královská indická obrana, Indická obrana krále

Královská indická obrana, Indická obrana krále

Ex: My opponent used the King's Indian defense, and it was tough to break through their solid position.
attack
[Podstatné jméno]

a player's action of threatening to capture an opponent's piece, control key squares, or put the opponent's king in checkmate

útok, napadení

útok, napadení

perpetual check
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where one player continuously checks the opponent's king with no possibility of reaching a checkmate, resulting in a drawn game due to a stalemate or a threefold repetition

věčný šach, stálý šach

věčný šach, stálý šach

Ex: He had no chance of winning , but perpetual check allowed him to survive the game .
dead draw
[Podstatné jméno]

a position where neither player has a realistic chance of winning, typically due to a lack of material or a highly symmetrical and locked position, resulting in an inevitable draw if the players continue to play perfectly

mrtvá remíza, bezvýchodná situace

mrtvá remíza, bezvýchodná situace

Ex: The game was so close , but eventually , it became dead draw because neither of us could break through .
decoy
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactical maneuver where a piece is sacrificed or placed in a vulnerable position to lure the opponent into making a disadvantageous move or to redirect their attention away from a more critical part of the board

léčka, návnada

léčka, návnada

tournament
[Podstatné jméno]

a series of sporting games in which teams or players compete against different rivals in different rounds until only one remains and that is the winner

turnaj, šampionát

turnaj, šampionát

Ex: The local tournament raised funds for charity while showcasing impressive talent .
cross-check
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactical move in response to a check, where the checked player delivers a counter-check by moving another piece, creating a double threat that must be addressed by the opponent

křížové ověření, protiúder

křížové ověření, protiúder

candidate move
[Podstatné jméno]

a potential move that a player considers during their turn as they analyze the possible outcomes and select the best course of action

kandidátský tah, potenciální tah

kandidátský tah, potenciální tah

Ex: The grandmaster examined candidate move before deciding which one to make .
Boden's Mate
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare but elegant checkmate pattern named after Samuel Boden, where two bishops coordinate to deliver checkmate to the opponent's king

Bodenova mate, Bodenovo mat

Bodenova mate, Bodenovo mat

Ex: He didn't see it coming—the opponent set up a Boden's Mate and checkmated him with two bishops.
touch-move rule
[Podstatné jméno]

a fundamental rule in chess that requires a player, who touches one of their own pieces, to move that piece if it has a legal move available

pravidlo dotknout-se-pohnout, pravidlo dotknutí a pohybu

pravidlo dotknout-se-pohnout, pravidlo dotknutí a pohybu

Ex: After touching the queen, he quickly realized he was in a bad position, but the touch-move rule meant he had to move it anyway.
tempo
[Podstatné jméno]

the advantage gained by making a move that forces the opponent to lose time or by achieving a position with fewer moves

tempo, převaha

tempo, převaha

Ex: He lost a tempo by retreating his bishop, allowing his opponent to advance.
backward pawn
[Podstatné jméno]

a pawn that is behind its adjacent pawns on the same file and cannot be easily advanced, making it vulnerable to attacks and potentially weakening the player's pawn structure

zpětný pěšec, pěšec odstavený

zpětný pěšec, pěšec odstavený

Ex: The backward pawn on the b-file was a problem throughout the game, as it couldn't advance without getting captured.
battery
[Podstatné jméno]

a setup where two or more pieces of the same color are aligned along a file, rank, or diagonal, increasing their combined attacking power and potential threats to the opponent's position

baterie, skupina

baterie, skupina

back-rank mate
[Podstatné jméno]

a checkmate pattern where the opponent's king is trapped on the back rank of the board and is mated by a rook or queen that delivers the checkmate along the same rank

mat na poslední řadě, mat na back-ranku

mat na poslední řadě, mat na back-ranku

Ex: back-rank mate caught me off guard ; I did n’t see it coming until it was too late .
bare king
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation where one player has no pieces left on the board, and their king is the only remaining piece

holý král, nahý král

holý král, nahý král

Ex: She only had her bare king left, and it was clear the game would soon be over.
promotion
[Podstatné jméno]

the rule that allows a pawn to be promoted to a higher-ranking piece when it reaches the opposite end of the board

promoce, povýšení

promoce, povýšení

Alekhine's gun
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactical formation where two rooks are stacked on the same file, and the queen is behind them, creating a powerful attacking position

Alekhineho dělo, Alekhineho zbraň

Alekhineho dělo, Alekhineho zbraň

Ex: After careful planning, he managed to align his pieces and trap his opponent using Alekhine’s gun.
pin
[Podstatné jméno]

a tactical maneuver where a piece is attacked and unable to move without exposing a more valuable piece behind it to capture

zablokování, přilepení

zablokování, přilepení

Ex: The pin on the knight rendered it immobile, exposing the king to check.
absolute pin
[Podstatné jméno]

a pin where the pinned piece is the king, meaning it cannot move without putting the king in check, making it illegal to move the pinned piece

absolutní pin, absolutní zablokování

absolutní pin, absolutní zablokování

Ex: The knight was stuck in an absolute pin, unable to move because the king was in danger.
FIDE
[Podstatné jméno]

the international organization that governs the rules and regulations of chess, as well as organizing and regulating international chess competitions

FIDE, Mezinárodní šachová federace

FIDE, Mezinárodní šachová federace

Ex: FIDE organizes the Chess Olympiad , where teams from different countries compete against each other .
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