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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Svět Počítačů

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o počítačovém světě, jako jsou "binární", "boot", "cpu" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
cyberspace
cyberspace
[Podstatné jméno]

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

kyberprostor, virtuální prostor

kyberprostor, virtuální prostor

Ex: With the rise of social media platforms, interactions in cyberspace have become increasingly common. 
analog
analog
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analogový, podobný

analogový, podobný

Ex: The record player uses analog technology to reproduce sound from vinyl records. 
binary
binary
[Přídavné jméno]

based on or using a numerical system that operates only on 0 and 1

binární, binárního systému

binární, binárního systému

Ex: The binary system is fundamental to digital technology and computing. 
to archive
to archive
[sloveso]

(computing) to move important information or information that is not often needed to a different disk, tape, or another computer to store it, sometimes as a security measure

archivovat, uložit do archivu

archivovat, uložit do archivu

Ex: The IT department archived old emails to free up server space. 
backup
backup
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a copy of computer data that can be used to restore lost or damaged data

záloha, záložní kopie

záloha, záložní kopie

Ex: It's important to create regular backups of your files to prevent data loss in case of a computer crash. 
backslash
backslash
[Podstatné jméno]

the symbol (\), used in some computer commands

zpětné lomítko, backslash

zpětné lomítko, backslash

backspace
backspace
[Podstatné jméno]

(in a computer, phone, etc.) a key on the keyboard used to erase the last letter or go backward

klávesa backspace, klávesa pro mazání

klávesa backspace, klávesa pro mazání

function key
function key
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the several keys at the top of a computer keyboard marked with (F) and a number that make the computer perform particular operations

funkční klávesa, klávesa F

funkční klávesa, klávesa F

to boot
to boot
[sloveso]

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

spustit, nabootovat

spustit, nabootovat

Ex: She booted her laptop, eager to dive into her latest writing project. 
bot
bot
[Podstatné jméno]

a computer program that automatically performs tasks over the internet

bot, robot

bot, robot

cache
cache
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

mezipaměť

mezipaměť

Ex: The computer's cache helped speed up the program's performance. 
clipboard
clipboard
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

schránka, clipboard

schránka, clipboard

Ex: She copied the text to the clipboard for easy pasting. 
byte
byte
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

bajt, oktet

bajt, oktet

Ex: The text file is 1 megabyte in size, which is equivalent to 8 million bytes. 
motherboard
motherboard
[Podstatné jméno]

(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate

základní deska, mateřská deska

základní deska, mateřská deska

Ex: If the motherboard breaks, the whole computer may stop working. 
on-board
on-board
[Přídavné jméno]

built into or functioning within a main system or device, especially in electronics

integrovaný, palubní

integrovaný, palubní

Ex: The phone has 128GB of on-board storage. 
pixel
pixel
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image

pixel, obrazový bod

pixel, obrazový bod

disk drive
disk drive
[Podstatné jméno]

a device that allows the computer to read the data on a computer disk and transfer data to or from it

disková jednotka, pevný disk

disková jednotka, pevný disk

driver
driver
[Podstatné jméno]

a software that controls the interaction between a computer and another equipment, such as a printer or scanner

ovladač, driver

ovladač, driver

clock speed
clock speed
[Podstatné jméno]

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

takticost, frekvence hodin

takticost, frekvence hodin

Ex: The new processor boasts a clock speed of 3.6 GHz. 
firmware
firmware
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

firmware, vestavěný software

firmware, vestavěný software

Ex: The router's firmware was updated to fix security vulnerabilities. 
malware
malware
[Podstatné jméno]

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

škodlivý software,  malware

škodlivý software, malware

compatibility
compatibility
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

kompatibilita

kompatibilita

Ex: Check the software's compatibility before installing it on your computer. 
configuration
configuration
[Podstatné jméno]

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

konfigurace, nastavení

konfigurace, nastavení

Ex: The IT team updated the computer’s configuration for better performance. 
to debug
to debug
[sloveso]

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

ladit, opravovat chyby

ladit, opravovat chyby

Ex: The software developer spent hours debugging the program to identify and fix the errors. 
to format
to format
[sloveso]

(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system

formátovat, inicializovat

formátovat, inicializovat

Ex: I need to format my external hard drive before transferring files to it. 
back end
back end
[Podstatné jméno]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back end, serverová část

back end, serverová část

Ex: The back end of a website comprises the server, database, and application logic that work together to process and store data submitted by users. 
front end
front end
[Podstatné jméno]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

uživatelské rozhraní, front-end

uživatelské rozhraní, front-end

Ex: The front end of a computer typically refers to the user interface, including the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and other input devices. 
interface
interface
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní

rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní

Ex: The interface of the new software is user-friendly and intuitive, making it easy for beginners to navigate. 
hack
hack
[Podstatné jméno]

an adjustment of the codes of a computer program that solves a problem in a quick way

hack, fígl

hack, fígl

Ex: The developer created a clever hack to fix the bug in just a few minutes. 
to encode
to encode
[sloveso]

to transform data into a coded form

kódovat, šifrovat

kódovat, šifrovat

Ex: Computer programmers encode sensitive information to protect it from unauthorized access. 
to encrypt
to encrypt
[sloveso]

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

šifrovat, kódovat

šifrovat, kódovat

Ex: The company encrypts sensitive customer data to protect it from hackers. 
interactive
interactive
[Přídavné jméno]

describing the constant passage of data between a computer or other device and a user

interaktivní, spolupracující

interaktivní, spolupracující

Ex: The educational software offers interactive lessons that engage students in active learning. 
to time out
to time out
[sloveso]

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

přerušit, pozastavit

přerušit, pozastavit

open-source
open-source
[Přídavné jméno]

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

open-source,  otevřený zdroj

open-source, otevřený zdroj

Ex: The team decided to use an open-source software for the new project. 
local area network

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

Ex: A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. 
modem
modem
[Podstatné jméno]

an electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers

modem

modem

Ex: The modem stopped working, so we lost internet access. 
graphical user interface
graphical user interface
[Podstatné jméno]

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

grafické uživatelské rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní grafické

grafické uživatelské rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní grafické

Ex: The software update included a new graphical user interface. 
central processing unit
central processing unit
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

centrální procesorová jednotka, procesor

centrální procesorová jednotka, procesor

router
router
[Podstatné jméno]

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

směrovač, router

směrovač, router

Ex: The router distributes the internet connection to all devices in the home. 
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