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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Svět počítačů

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o počítačovém světě, jako je „binary“, „boot“, „cpu“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
cyberspace
[Podstatné jméno]

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

kyberprostor, kybernetický prostor

kyberprostor, kybernetický prostor

Ex: The government has implemented regulations to ensure the safety and security of citizens cyberspace.
analog
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analogový, analogický

analogový, analogický

binary
[Přídavné jméno]

based on or using a numerical system that operates only on 0 and 1

binární, dvojkový

binární, dvojkový

Ex: binary arithmetic , adding 1 and 1 results in 10 , following the rules of base-2 .
to archive
[sloveso]

(computing) to move important information or information that is not often needed to a different disk, tape, or another computer to store it, sometimes as a security measure

archivovat, uložit do archivu

archivovat, uložit do archivu

Ex: To prevent overloading the network , the archived infrequently accessed files to external storage .
backup
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a copy of computer data that can be used to restore lost or damaged data

záloha, záložní kopie

záloha, záložní kopie

Ex: The external hard drive serves as backup for important documents and photos , providing peace of mind in case of emergencies .
backslash
[Podstatné jméno]

the symbol (\), used in some computer commands

zpětné lomítko, zpětný šikmý čárka

zpětné lomítko, zpětný šikmý čárka

backspace
[Podstatné jméno]

(in a computer, phone, etc.) a key on the keyboard used to erase the last letter or go backward

mazací klávesa, klávesa pro vymazání

mazací klávesa, klávesa pro vymazání

function key
[Podstatné jméno]

each of the several keys at the top of a computer keyboard marked with (F) and a number that make the computer perform particular operations

funkční klávesa, klávesa F

funkční klávesa, klávesa F

to boot
[sloveso]

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

nahrát, spustit

nahrát, spustit

Ex: The booted the computer , troubleshooting the network connectivity issue .
bot
[Podstatné jméno]

a computer program that automatically performs tasks over the internet

bot, robot

bot, robot

cache
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

mezipaměť, cache

mezipaměť, cache

Ex: The software uses cache to temporarily store files for quicker access .
clipboard
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

schránka, úložiště

schránka, úložiště

Ex: clipboard can hold multiple items in some advanced applications .
byte
[Podstatné jméno]

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

byte, bajt

byte, bajt

Ex: The music track is stored in MP3 format and is 4 megabytes in size , translating to around 32 bytes.
motherboard
[Podstatné jméno]

(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate

základní deska, matka deska

základní deska, matka deska

on-board
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging, relating to, or controlled by the main circuit board of a computer

na palubě, integrovaný

na palubě, integrovaný

pixel
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image

pixel, bod

pixel, bod

disk drive
[Podstatné jméno]

a device that allows the computer to read the data on a computer disk and transfer data to or from it

disková jednotka, diskový pohon

disková jednotka, diskový pohon

driver
[Podstatné jméno]

a software that controls the interaction between a computer and another equipment, such as a printer or scanner

ovladač, driver

ovladač, driver

clock speed
[Podstatné jméno]

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

frekvence hodin, rychlost hodin

frekvence hodin, rychlost hodin

Ex: Gamers often look for CPUs with clock speeds for better gaming performance .
firmware
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

firmware, firmwarová cesta

firmware, firmwarová cesta

malware
[Podstatné jméno]

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

malware, škodlivý software

malware, škodlivý software

compatibility
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

kompatibilita, shoda

kompatibilita, shoda

configuration
[Podstatné jméno]

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

konfigurace, nastavení

konfigurace, nastavení

Ex: He saved the configuration to ensure a quick recovery if needed .
to debug
[sloveso]

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

odstraňovat chyby, debugovat

odstraňovat chyby, debugovat

Ex: The software crashed , and the technician debug the system to restore it .
to format
[sloveso]

(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system

formátovat, připravit

formátovat, připravit

Ex: Be sure to back up all your files before format your computer to avoid losing important data .
back end
[Podstatné jméno]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

základní část, zadní část

základní část, zadní část

Ex: When users interact with a web application , their actions trigger requests to back end, which processes the data and generates responses visible on the front end .
front end
[Podstatné jméno]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

přední část, uživatelské rozhraní

přední část, uživatelské rozhraní

interface
[Podstatné jméno]

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní

rozhraní, uživatelské rozhraní

Ex: The company conducted usability testing to gather feedback on interface design before launching the product .
hack
[Podstatné jméno]

an adjustment of the codes of a computer program that solves a problem in a quick way

hack, oprava

hack, oprava

Ex: hack worked perfectly , but they planned to replace it with a permanent solution later .
to encode
[sloveso]

to transform data into a coded form

kódovat, zakódovat

kódovat, zakódovat

Ex: In digital communication , data is encoded before transmission for error detection and correction .
to encrypt
[sloveso]

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

šifrovat, zakódovat

šifrovat, zakódovat

Ex: The encrypts classified documents to prevent unauthorized disclosure .
interactive
[Přídavné jméno]

describing the constant passage of data between a computer or other device and a user

interaktivní, interaktivní povahy

interaktivní, interaktivní povahy

Ex: interactive map allows users to zoom in and out , pan across different areas , and access additional information with a click .
to time out
[sloveso]

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

vypršet, ukončit

vypršet, ukončit

open-source
[Přídavné jméno]

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

otevřený software, software s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem

otevřený software, software s otevřeným zdrojovým kódem

Ex: The advantages open-source software include transparency and flexibility .

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

modem
[Podstatné jméno]

an electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers

modem, modém

modem, modém

graphical user interface
[Podstatné jméno]

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

grafické uživatelské rozhraní, grafické uživatelské prostředí

grafické uživatelské rozhraní, grafické uživatelské prostředí

Ex: graphical user interface allows users to interact with the system visually .
central processing unit
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

centrální procesor, centrální jednotka

centrální procesor, centrální jednotka

router
[Podstatné jméno]

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

router, směrovač

router, směrovač

Ex: The officerouter was upgraded to handle higher traffic .
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