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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Monde de l'informatique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le monde informatique, tels que « binaire », « boot », « cpu », etc. qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

cyberespace

cyberespace

Ex: The government has implemented regulations to ensure the safety and security of citizens cyberspace.
analog
[Adjectif]

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analogue

analogue

Ex: The radio station broadcasts using analog signals, reaching listeners across the region with its music and news programming.
binary
[Adjectif]

based on or using a numerical system that operates only on 0 and 1

binaire

binaire

Ex: Each character in a text file is encoded using a unique sequence of binary digits.
to archive
[verbe]

(computing) to move important information or information that is not often needed to a different disk, tape, or another computer to store it, sometimes as a security measure

archiver

archiver

Ex: To prevent overloading the network , the archived infrequently accessed files to external storage .
backup
[nom]

(computing) a copy of computer data that can be used to restore lost or damaged data

sauvegarde

sauvegarde

Ex: The external hard drive serves as backup for important documents and photos , providing peace of mind in case of emergencies .

the symbol (\), used in some computer commands

barre oblique inversée

barre oblique inversée

(in a computer, phone, etc.) a key on the keyboard used to erase the last letter or go backward

touche retour arrière, retour arrière

touche retour arrière, retour arrière

each of the several keys at the top of a computer keyboard marked with (F) and a number that make the computer perform particular operations

touche de fonction

touche de fonction

to boot
[verbe]

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

démarrer

démarrer

Ex: The booted the computer , troubleshooting the network connectivity issue .
bot
[nom]

a computer program that automatically performs tasks over the internet

bot, robot

bot, robot

cache
[nom]

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

mémoire-cache

mémoire-cache

Ex: The software uses cache to temporarily store files for quicker access .

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

presse-papiers

presse-papiers

Ex: clipboard can hold multiple items in some advanced applications .
byte
[nom]

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

octet

octet

Ex: The music track is stored in MP3 format and is 4 megabytes in size , translating to around 32 bytes.

(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate

carte-mère

carte-mère

on-board
[Adjectif]

built into or functioning within a main system or device, especially in electronics

intégré, embarqué

intégré, embarqué

Ex: The robot navigates with help on-board sensors .
pixel
[nom]

the smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image

pixel

pixel

a device that allows the computer to read the data on a computer disk and transfer data to or from it

lecteur de disque

lecteur de disque

driver
[nom]

a software that controls the interaction between a computer and another equipment, such as a printer or scanner

pilote, driver

pilote, driver

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

vitesse de l'horloge

vitesse de l'horloge

Ex: Gamers often look for CPUs with clock speeds for better gaming performance .

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

micrologiciel

micrologiciel

Ex: Manufacturers often firmware upgrades to enhance device features .
malware
[nom]

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

malware, logiciel malveillant

malware, logiciel malveillant

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

compatibilité

compatibilité

Ex: They compatibility to ensure all devices could work together seamlessly .

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

configuration

configuration

Ex: He saved the system configuration to ensure a quick recovery if needed.
to debug
[verbe]

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

débugger

débugger

Ex: The software crashed , and the technician debug the system to restore it .
to format
[verbe]

(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system

formater

formater

Ex: Be sure to back up all your files before format your computer to avoid losing important data .

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back-end

back-end

Ex: When users interact with a web application , their actions trigger requests to back end, which processes the data and generates responses visible on the front end .

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

front-end

front-end

Ex: When using a computer , front end is the part that users interact with directly , such as clicking icons , typing text , or navigating menus to access applications and perform tasks .

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

interface

interface

Ex: The company conducted usability testing to gather feedback on interface design before launching the product .
hack
[nom]

an adjustment of the codes of a computer program that solves a problem in a quick way

crack

crack

Ex: hack worked perfectly , but they planned to replace it with a permanent solution later .
to encode
[verbe]

to transform data into a coded form

encoder

encoder

Ex: In digital communication , data is encoded before transmission for error detection and correction .
to encrypt
[verbe]

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

coder, encoder

coder, encoder

Ex: The encrypts classified documents to prevent unauthorized disclosure .
interactive
[Adjectif]

describing the constant passage of data between a computer or other device and a user

interactif

interactif

Ex: The interactive whiteboard in the classroom enables teachers to create dynamic lessons that encourage student participation.

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

expirer

expirer

open-source
[Adjectif]

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

open source

open source

Ex: The advantages open-source software include transparency and flexibility .

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

réseau local

réseau local

Ex: Home networks , consisting of multiple devices connected to a router , are a common example of local area network used for internet access and file sharing within a household .
modem
[nom]

an electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers

modem

modem

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

mistletoe

mistletoe

Ex: graphical user interface allows users to interact with the system visually .

the part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

unité centrale de traitement, processeur central

unité centrale de traitement, processeur central

router
[nom]

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

routeur

routeur

Ex: The officerouter was upgraded to handle higher traffic .
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