Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Monde de l'informatique

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

cyberespace

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analogue

based on or using a numerical system that operates only on 0 and 1

binaire

(computing) to move important information or information that is not often needed to a different disk, tape, or another computer to store it, sometimes as a security measure

archiver

(computing) a copy of computer data that can be used to restore lost or damaged data

sauvegarde

the symbol (\), used in some computer commands

barre oblique inversée

(in a computer, phone, etc.) a key on the keyboard used to erase the last letter or go backward

touche retour arrière, retour arrière

each of the several keys at the top of a computer keyboard marked with (F) and a number that make the computer perform particular operations

touche de fonction

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

démarrer

a computer program that automatically performs tasks over the internet

bot, robot

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

mémoire-cache

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

presse-papiers

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

octet

(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate

carte-mère

belonging, relating to, or controlled by the main circuit board of a computer

intégré, embarqué

the smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image

pixel

a device that allows the computer to read the data on a computer disk and transfer data to or from it

lecteur de disque

a software that controls the interaction between a computer and another equipment, such as a printer or scanner

pilote, driver

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

vitesse de l'horloge

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

micrologiciel

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

malware, logiciel malveillant

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

compatibilité

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

configuration

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

débugger

(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system

formater

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back-end

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

front-end

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

interface

an adjustment of the codes of a computer program that solves a problem in a quick way

crack

to transform data into a coded form

encoder

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

coder, encoder

describing the constant passage of data between a computer or other device and a user

interactif

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

expirer

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

open source

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

réseau local

an electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers

modem

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

mistletoe

the part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

unité centrale de traitement, processeur central

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

routeur