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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Ang Mundo ng Computer

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa mundo ng computer, tulad ng "binary", "boot", "cpu", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
cyberspace
[Pangngalan]

the non-physical space in which communication over computer networks takes place

cyberspace, birtuwal na espasyo

cyberspace, birtuwal na espasyo

Ex: The government has implemented regulations to ensure the safety and security of citizens in cyberspace.Ang pamahalaan ay nagpatupad ng mga regulasyon upang matiyak ang kaligtasan at seguridad ng mga mamamayan sa **cyberspace**.
analog
[pang-uri]

relating to or using signals in which information is represented through constant changing of physical quantities

analog, katulad

analog, katulad

Ex: The radio station broadcasts using analog signals, reaching listeners across the region with its music and news programming.Ang istasyon ng radyo ay nag-broadcast gamit ang **analog** na mga signal, na umaabot sa mga tagapakinig sa buong rehiyon sa kanyang musika at mga programa ng balita.
binary
[pang-uri]

based on or using a numerical system that operates only on 0 and 1

binaryo, ng sistemang binaryo

binaryo, ng sistemang binaryo

Ex: Each character in a text file is encoded using a unique sequence of binary digits.Ang bawat karakter sa isang text file ay naka-encode gamit ang isang natatanging sequence ng **binary** digits.
to archive
[Pandiwa]

(computing) to move important information or information that is not often needed to a different disk, tape, or another computer to store it, sometimes as a security measure

i-archive, itago sa archive

i-archive, itago sa archive

Ex: To prevent overloading the network , the admin archived infrequently accessed files to external storage .Upang maiwasan ang pag-overload sa network, **in-archive** ng admin ang mga file na bihirang ma-access sa external storage.
backup
[Pangngalan]

(computing) a copy of computer data that can be used to restore lost or damaged data

backup, kopya ng seguridad

backup, kopya ng seguridad

Ex: The external hard drive serves as a backup for important documents and photos , providing peace of mind in case of emergencies .Ang external hard drive ay nagsisilbing **backup** para sa mahahalagang dokumento at larawan, na nagbibigay ng kapanatagan ng loob sa kaso ng mga emergency.
backslash
[Pangngalan]

the symbol (\), used in some computer commands

backslash, baligtad na slash

backslash, baligtad na slash

backspace
[Pangngalan]

(in a computer, phone, etc.) a key on the keyboard used to erase the last letter or go backward

backspace key, pindutan ng backspace

backspace key, pindutan ng backspace

function key
[Pangngalan]

each of the several keys at the top of a computer keyboard marked with (F) and a number that make the computer perform particular operations

function key, F key

function key, F key

to boot
[Pandiwa]

to start a computer, typically involves setting up hardware elements to prepare the computer for use

buksan, simulan

buksan, simulan

Ex: The technician booted the computer , troubleshooting the network connectivity issue .**Binuksan** ng technician ang computer, tinutroubleshoot ang isyu sa koneksyon ng network.
bot
[Pangngalan]

a computer program that automatically performs tasks over the internet

bot, programang awtomatiko

bot, programang awtomatiko

cache
[Pangngalan]

(computing) a type of computer memory in which information that is often in use can be stored temporarily, a cache can be accessed quickly and is needed while a program is running

cache

cache

Ex: The software uses a cache to temporarily store files for quicker access .Ang software ay gumagamit ng **cache** para pansamantalang mag-imbak ng mga file para sa mas mabilis na access.
clipboard
[Pangngalan]

(computing) a temporary storage area for data that has been copied or cut

clipboard, memorya ng pansamantalang pag-iimbak

clipboard, memorya ng pansamantalang pag-iimbak

Ex: The clipboard can hold multiple items in some advanced applications .Ang **clipboard** ay maaaring maghawak ng maraming item sa ilang advanced na aplikasyon.
byte
[Pangngalan]

a unit for measuring the size of computer data that equals 8 bits

byte, bayt

byte, bayt

Ex: The music track is stored in MP3 format and is 4 megabytes in size , translating to around 32 million bytes.Ang track ng musika ay naka-imbak sa format na MP3 at may laki na 4 megabytes, na katumbas ng halos 32 milyong **byte**.
motherboard
[Pangngalan]

(in electronic devices such as computers, etc.) the main printed circuit board that makes it possible for all the parts of a computer to communicate

motherboard, pangunahing circuit board

motherboard, pangunahing circuit board

Ex: The motherboard connects the hard drive , graphics card , and other parts .
on-board
[pang-uri]

built into or functioning within a main system or device, especially in electronics

nakapaloob, nasa board

nakapaloob, nasa board

Ex: The robot navigates with help from on-board sensors .Ang robot ay nag-navigate sa tulong ng mga **on-board** sensor.
pixel
[Pangngalan]

the smallest unit of an image on the screen that collectively can form a whole image

pixel, punto ng imahe

pixel, punto ng imahe

disk drive
[Pangngalan]

a device that allows the computer to read the data on a computer disk and transfer data to or from it

disk drive, hard disk

disk drive, hard disk

driver
[Pangngalan]

a software that controls the interaction between a computer and another equipment, such as a printer or scanner

driver, tagapagpatakbo

driver, tagapagpatakbo

clock speed
[Pangngalan]

the speed at which a computer can process information, expressed in (MHz)

bilis ng orasan, bilis ng clock

bilis ng orasan, bilis ng clock

Ex: Gamers often look for CPUs with high clock speeds for better gaming performance .Ang mga manlalaro ay madalas na naghahanap ng mga CPU na may mataas na **bilis ng orasan** para sa mas mahusay na pagganap sa laro.
firmware
[Pangngalan]

(computing) a type of software stored in a way that it cannot be modified or erased

firmware, malambot na programa

firmware, malambot na programa

Ex: Manufacturers often release firmware upgrades to enhance device features .Ang mga tagagawa ay madalas na naglalabas ng mga pag-upgrade ng **firmware** upang mapahusay ang mga tampok ng device.
malware
[Pangngalan]

a software designed to disrupt or damage the computer without the user knowing

masamang software,  malware

masamang software, malware

compatibility
[Pangngalan]

the ability of a computer, software, or equipment to work with another device or software

pagiging tugma

pagiging tugma

Ex: They prioritized compatibility to ensure all devices could work together seamlessly .Pinrioridad nila ang **pagiging tugma** upang matiyak na lahat ng mga device ay maaaring magtrabaho nang magkasama nang walang problema.
configuration
[Pangngalan]

the set-up, hardware, and software of a computer that makes a complete system

pagsasaayos, konpigurasyon

pagsasaayos, konpigurasyon

Ex: He saved the system configuration to ensure a quick recovery if needed .Iniligtas niya ang **configuration** ng system upang matiyak ang mabilis na pagbawi kung kinakailangan.
to debug
[Pandiwa]

(computing) to detect and remove faults in a software

i-debug, ayusin ang mga pagkakamali

i-debug, ayusin ang mga pagkakamali

Ex: The software crashed , and the technician had to debug the system to restore it .Nag-crash ang software, at kinailangan ng technician na **i-debug** ang system upang maibalik ito.
to format
[Pandiwa]

(computing) to prepare a storage device, such as a hard drive or USB, for use by deleting all the data on it and setting it up for a specific file system

i-format, simulan

i-format, simulan

Ex: Be sure to back up all your files before you format your computer to avoid losing important data .Siguraduhing i-back up ang lahat ng iyong mga file bago mo i-**format** ang iyong computer upang maiwasan ang pagkawala ng mahalagang data.
back end
[Pangngalan]

a part of a computer responsible for storing and controlling data where users cannot easily access

back end, bahagi ng server

back end, bahagi ng server

Ex: When users interact with a web application , their actions trigger requests to the back end, which processes the data and generates responses visible on the front end .Kapag nakikipag-ugnayan ang mga user sa isang web application, ang kanilang mga aksyon ay nag-trigger ng mga request sa **back end**, na nagpo-proseso ng data at bumubuo ng mga response na nakikita sa front end.
front end
[Pangngalan]

a part of a computer that is easily accessible and one uses constantly

user interface, harapang dulo

user interface, harapang dulo

Ex: When using a computer , the front end is the part that users interact with directly , such as clicking icons , typing text , or navigating menus to access applications and perform tasks .Kapag gumagamit ng computer, ang **front end** ay ang bahagi na direktang nakikipag-ugnayan ang mga user, tulad ng pag-click sa mga icon, pag-type ng text, o pag-navigate sa mga menu upang ma-access ang mga application at magsagawa ng mga gawain.
interface
[Pangngalan]

(computing) the program through which a user can interact with a computer, especially its design and appearance

interface, interface ng gumagamit

interface, interface ng gumagamit

Ex: The company conducted usability testing to gather feedback on the interface design before launching the product .Ang kumpanya ay nagsagawa ng usability testing upang makakalap ng feedback sa disenyo ng **interface** bago ilunsad ang produkto.
hack
[Pangngalan]

an adjustment of the codes of a computer program that solves a problem in a quick way

hack, paraan

hack, paraan

Ex: The hack worked perfectly , but they planned to replace it with a permanent solution later .Gumana nang perpekto ang **hack**, ngunit pinalitan nila ito ng permanenteng solusyon mamaya.
to encode
[Pandiwa]

to transform data into a coded form

i-encode, i-code

i-encode, i-code

Ex: In digital communication , data is often encoded before transmission for error detection and correction .Sa digital na komunikasyon, ang data ay madalas na **iencode** bago ang pagpapadala para sa pagtuklas at pagwawasto ng error.
to encrypt
[Pandiwa]

to convert data or information into a coded form, mainly to prevent unauthorized access

i-encrypt, isalansang

i-encrypt, isalansang

Ex: The government encrypts classified documents to prevent unauthorized disclosure .Ang gobyerno ay **nag-e-encrypt** ng mga classified na dokumento upang maiwasan ang hindi awtorisadong pagsisiwalat.
interactive
[pang-uri]

describing the constant passage of data between a computer or other device and a user

interaktibo, nakikipag-ugnayan

interaktibo, nakikipag-ugnayan

Ex: The interactive whiteboard in the classroom enables teachers to create dynamic lessons that encourage student participation.Ang **interactive** na whiteboard sa silid-aralan ay nagbibigay-daan sa mga guro na lumikha ng mga dynamic na aralin na naghihikayat sa partisipasyon ng mag-aaral.
to time out
[Pandiwa]

(computing) to cancel an operation or to turn off the computer automatically because a predefined interval of time has passed without a certain event happening

ihinto, ipagpaliban

ihinto, ipagpaliban

open-source
[pang-uri]

(computing) describing a computer program whose source code is available to everyone

open-source,  bukas na pinagmulan

open-source, bukas na pinagmulan

Ex: The advantages of open-source software include transparency and flexibility .Ang mga pakinabang ng **open-source** software ay kinabibilangan ng transparency at flexibility.

a network for communication between computers, usually within a building

Ex: Home networks , consisting of multiple devices connected to a router , are a common example of local area network used for internet access and file sharing within a household .
modem
[Pangngalan]

an electronic device that uses telephone lines to send and receive data between two computers

modem

modem

Ex: Without a modem, you ca n't connect to the internet .

the visual interaction that users have with the computer through icons, menus, etc.

graphical user interface, user graphical interface

graphical user interface, user graphical interface

Ex: The graphical user interface allows users to interact with the system visually .Ang **graphical user interface** ay nagbibigay-daan sa mga user na makipag-ugnayan nang biswal sa system.

the part of a computer where operations are controlled and executed

central processing unit, processor

central processing unit, processor

router
[Pangngalan]

an electronic device that connects computer networks and sends data between networks

router, pang-ruta

router, pang-ruta

Ex: The office 's router was upgraded to handle higher traffic .Ang **router** ng opisina ay in-upgrade upang mahawakan ang mas mataas na trapiko.
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