Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - La Ley

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la ley, como "article", "waiver", "acquit", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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court of appeals

[Sustantivo]

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

corte de apelaciones

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appellant

[Sustantivo]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

apelante

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article

[Sustantivo]

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

artículo

Ex: Article 9 specifies the conditions under which the agreement can be terminated .El **artículo** 9 especifica las condiciones bajo las cuales se puede terminar el acuerdo.

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subclause

[Sustantivo]

an additional part of a legal document

subcláusula

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writ

[Sustantivo]

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

orden judicial

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affidavit

[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Falsificar información en un **affidávit** puede resultar en serias consecuencias legales, incluyendo cargos de perjurio.

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warrant

[Sustantivo]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

orden judicial

Ex: He challenged the validity of the warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .Cuestionó la validez de la **orden**, argumentando que carecía de causa probable.

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plaintiff

[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Durante el juicio, el **demandante** testificó sobre el impacto de las acciones del acusado.

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litigator

[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigante

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .En la sala del tribunal, el **litigante** presentó argumentos persuasivos y examinó eficazmente a los testigos para apoyar el caso de su cliente.

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settlement

[Sustantivo]

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

acuerdo

Ex: The settlement required the defendant to pay a substantial sum to the plaintiff to settle the legal dispute .El **arreglo** requirió que el acusado pagara una suma sustancial al demandante para resolver la disputa legal.

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waiver

[Sustantivo]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

documento de renuncia

Ex: Before enrolling in the course , students had to sign a waiver acknowledging the risks .Antes de inscribirse en el curso, los estudiantes tenían que firmar una **renuncia** reconociendo los riesgos.

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to nullify

[Verbo]

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

anular, invalidar

Ex: The company ’s failure to comply with the terms will nullify the benefits outlined in the agreement .El incumplimiento de los términos por parte de la empresa **anulará** los beneficios establecidos en el acuerdo.

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to sanction

[Verbo]

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

sancionar

Ex: The government decided to sanction the trade agreement between the two countries , providing official authorization for the deal .El gobierno decidió **sancionar** el acuerdo comercial entre los dos países, proporcionando autorización oficial para el trato.

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to enforce

[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .El personal de seguridad **hace cumplir** las reglas del lugar para garantizar la seguridad y el disfrute de todos los asistentes.

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to issue

[Verbo]

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

publicar

Ex: Can you issue a proclamation for the upcoming event ?¿Puedes **emitir** una proclamación para el próximo evento?

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to acquit

[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .El proceso de exoneración finalmente llevó a la decisión del tribunal de **absolver** al acusado de todos los cargos.

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to pardon

[Verbo]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

indultar

Ex: The clemency petition resulted in the decision to pardon the non-violent offenders .La petición de clemencia resultó en la decisión de **indultar** a los delincuentes no violentos.

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to decree

[Verbo]

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

decretar

Ex: The council decreed new zoning regulations for the residential area .El consejo **decretó** nuevas regulaciones de zonificación para el área residencial.

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prosecution

[Sustantivo]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

enjuiciamiento

Ex: He faced a rigorous prosecution, which included multiple trials .Enfrentó un **procesamiento** riguroso, que incluyó múltiples juicios.

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judiciary

[Sustantivo]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

poder judicial

Ex: The judiciary operates independently from the executive and legislative branches .El **poder judicial** opera independientemente de los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo.

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to infringe

[Verbo]

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .El tribunal declaró al acusado culpable de **infringir** los derechos de patente de una empresa competidora.

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to overturn

[Verbo]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

anular

Ex: The athlete's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results.La suspensión del atleta fue **revocada** después de una revisión exhaustiva de los resultados de las pruebas de dopaje.

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to void

[Verbo]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

anular

Ex: The company voided the warranty when the product was found to be tampered with .La empresa **anuló** la garantía cuando se descubrió que el producto había sido manipulado.

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conviction

[Sustantivo]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condena

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .Ella quedó impactada por su **condena**, ya que siempre había mantenido su inocencia.

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indictment

[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .Tras recibir el **acta de acusación**, el acusado fue arrestado y puesto bajo custodia por los agentes del orden.

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validation

[Sustantivo]

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

validación

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litigation

[Sustantivo]

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

litigio

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to outlaw

[Verbo]

to officially state that something is illegal

prohibir

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .Para abordar las preocupaciones sobre la privacidad, el gobierno procedió a **prohibir** ciertas prácticas de vigilancia intrusivas.

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to legislate

[Verbo]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislar

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .El parlamento está listo para **legislar** un aumento del salario mínimo en la próxima sesión.

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notary

[Sustantivo]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notario

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .El **notario** confirmó la identidad de los firmantes y presenció la firma del testamento de acuerdo con la ley estatal.

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legality

[Sustantivo]

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

legalidad

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to interrogate

[Verbo]

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

interrogar

Ex: The investigator spent hours interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .El investigador pasó horas **interrogando** al sospechoso para desentrañar los motivos detrás del incidente.

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barrister

[Sustantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .

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to adjudicate

[Verbo]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrar, juzgar

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .El mes pasado, el mediador **arbitraba** persistentemente los conflictos entre las partes.

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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL

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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - La Ley