Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Loi

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le droit, tels que "article", "renonciation", "acquitter", etc., nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

Réviser

Flashcards

Orthographe

Quiz

Commencer à apprendre

court of appeals

[nom]

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

cour d'appel

Fermer

Se connecter

appellant

[nom]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

partie appelante, appelante

Fermer

Se connecter

article

[nom]

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

article de loi

Ex: Article 9 specifies the conditions under which the agreement can be terminated .L'**article** 9 précise les conditions dans lesquelles l'accord peut être résilié.

Fermer

Se connecter

subclause

[nom]

an additional part of a legal document

paragraphe

Fermer

Se connecter

writ

[nom]

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

décret, ordonnance, acte judiciaire

Fermer

Se connecter

affidavit

[nom]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Falsifier des informations dans un **affidavit** peut entraîner de graves conséquences juridiques, y compris des accusations de parjure.

Fermer

Se connecter

warrant

[nom]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

mandat

Ex: He challenged the validity of the warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .Il a contesté la validité du **mandat**, arguant qu'il manquait de cause probable.

Fermer

Se connecter

plaintiff

[nom]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

plaignant, plaignante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Pendant le procès, le **demandeur** a témoigné de l'impact des actions du défendeur.

Fermer

Se connecter

litigator

[nom]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

plaideur, plaideuse

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .Dans la salle d'audience, le **procureur** a présenté des arguments persuasifs et a contre-interrogé efficacement les témoins pour soutenir le dossier de son client.

Fermer

Se connecter

settlement

[nom]

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

accord

Ex: The settlement required the defendant to pay a substantial sum to the plaintiff to settle the legal dispute .Le **règlement** a obligé le défendeur à payer une somme substantielle au demandeur pour régler le litige juridique.

Fermer

Se connecter

waiver

[nom]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

renonciation, dispense

Ex: Before enrolling in the course , students had to sign a waiver acknowledging the risks .Avant de s'inscrire au cours, les étudiants devaient signer une **décharge** reconnaissant les risques.

Fermer

Se connecter

to nullify

[verbe]

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

annuler, invalider

Ex: The company ’s failure to comply with the terms will nullify the benefits outlined in the agreement .Le non-respect des termes par l'entreprise **annulera** les avantages prévus dans l'accord.

Fermer

Se connecter

to sanction

[verbe]

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

sanctionner

Ex: The government decided to sanction the trade agreement between the two countries , providing official authorization for the deal .Le gouvernement a décidé de **sanctionner** l'accord commercial entre les deux pays, fournissant une autorisation officielle pour l'accord.

Fermer

Se connecter

to enforce

[verbe]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

faire appliquer, faire respecter

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .Le personnel de sécurité **fait respecter** les règles du lieu pour assurer la sécurité et le plaisir de tous les participants.

Fermer

Se connecter

to issue

[verbe]

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

délivrer

Ex: Can you issue a proclamation for the upcoming event ?Pouvez-vous **émettre** une proclamation pour l'événement à venir ?

Fermer

Se connecter

to acquit

[verbe]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .Le processus d'exonération a finalement conduit à la décision du tribunal de **acquitter** le défendeur de toutes les accusations.

Fermer

Se connecter

to pardon

[verbe]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

pardonner à

Ex: The clemency petition resulted in the decision to pardon the non-violent offenders .La demande de clémence a abouti à la décision de **grâce** pour les délinquants non violents.

Fermer

Se connecter

to decree

[verbe]

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

décréter

Ex: The council decreed new zoning regulations for the residential area .Le conseil a **décrété** de nouvelles réglementations de zonage pour la zone résidentielle.

Fermer

Se connecter

prosecution

[nom]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

poursuites, poursuites judiciaires

Ex: He faced a rigorous prosecution, which included multiple trials .Il a fait face à une **poursuite** rigoureuse, qui comprenait plusieurs procès.

Fermer

Se connecter

judiciary

[nom]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

système judiciaire

Ex: The judiciary operates independently from the executive and legislative branches .Le **pouvoir judiciaire** fonctionne indépendamment des branches exécutive et législative.

Fermer

Se connecter

to infringe

[verbe]

to violate someone's rights or property

enfreindre, contrevenir à, transgresser

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .Le tribunal a reconnu le défendeur coupable d'**enfreindre** les droits de brevet d'une entreprise concurrente.

Fermer

Se connecter

to overturn

[verbe]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

casser

Ex: The athlete 's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results .La suspension de l'athlète a été **annulée** après un examen approfondi des résultats des tests de dopage.

Fermer

Se connecter

to void

[verbe]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

composter

Ex: The company voided the warranty when the product was found to be tampered with .La société a **annulé** la garantie lorsque le produit a été trouvé altéré.

Fermer

Se connecter

conviction

[nom]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condamnation

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .Elle a été choquée par sa **condamnation**, car il avait toujours maintenu son innocence.

Fermer

Se connecter

indictment

[nom]

a formal accusation of a crime

inculpation

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .Après avoir reçu l'**acte d'accusation**, le défendeur a été arrêté et placé en garde à vue par les agents des forces de l'ordre.

Fermer

Se connecter

validation

[nom]

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

validation

Fermer

Se connecter

litigation

[nom]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

procès

Ex: The threat of litigation forced the firm to reconsider its policy .La menace de **litige** a contraint l'entreprise à reconsidérer sa politique.

Fermer

Se connecter

to outlaw

[verbe]

to officially state that something is illegal

interdire, proscrire

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .Pour répondre aux préoccupations concernant la vie privée, le gouvernement a décidé d'**interdire** certaines pratiques de surveillance intrusives.

Fermer

Se connecter

to legislate

[verbe]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

légiférer sur

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .Le parlement est sur le point de **légiférer** une augmentation du salaire minimum lors de la prochaine session.

Fermer

Se connecter

notary

[nom]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaire

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .Le **notaire** a confirmé l'identité des signataires et a assisté à la signature du testament conformément à la loi de l'État.

Fermer

Se connecter

legality

[nom]

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

légalité

Fermer

Se connecter

to interrogate

[verbe]

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

interroger

Ex: The investigator spent hours interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .L'enquêteur a passé des heures à **interroger** le suspect pour démêler les motifs de l'incident.

Fermer

Se connecter

barrister

[nom]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

avocat, plaidant, plaidante

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .En tant que **avocat**, il est connu pour son esprit juridique aiguisé et ses présentations éloquentes en salle d'audience.

Fermer

Se connecter

to adjudicate

[verbe]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrer, juger, être juge

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .Le mois dernier, le médiateur **arbitrait** avec persistance les conflits entre les parties.

Fermer

Se connecter

Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL
Sentiments et Émotions	Conseils et Décision	Charactéristiques	Formes
Règne Animal	Nourriture et Restaurant	Services de Santé et Médecine	Conditions Physiques et Blessures
Santé Mentale et Troubles Mentaux	Politique	Religion	Haine et Affection
Loi	Doute et Certitude	Crime et Punition	Société
Problèmes Sociaux	Argumentation	Persuasion et Accord	Préférence, Obligation et Permission

Télécharger l'application LanGeek