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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Legge

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sul diritto, come "articolo", "rinuncia", "assolvere", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
court of appeals
[sostantivo]

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

corte d'appello

corte d'appello

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appellant
[sostantivo]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

ricorrente

ricorrente

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article
[sostantivo]

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

articolo

articolo

Ex: Article 9 specifies the conditions under which the agreement can be terminated .L'**articolo** 9 specifica le condizioni in cui l'accordo può essere terminato.
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subclause
[sostantivo]

an additional part of a legal document

sottoclausa

sottoclausa

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writ
[sostantivo]

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

decreto

decreto

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affidavit
[sostantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Falsificare informazioni in un **affidavit** può comportare gravi conseguenze legali, comprese accuse di spergiuro.
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warrant
[sostantivo]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

mandato

mandato

Ex: He challenged the validity of the warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .Ha contestato la validità del **mandato**, sostenendo che mancasse di probabile causa.
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plaintiff
[sostantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

querelante

querelante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Durante il processo, l'**attore** ha testimoniato sull'impatto delle azioni dell'imputato.
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litigator
[sostantivo]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigatore

litigatore

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .Nell'aula di tribunale, il **litigante** ha presentato argomenti persuasivi e ha interrogato efficacemente i testimoni per sostenere il caso del suo cliente.
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settlement
[sostantivo]

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

accordo

accordo

Ex: The settlement required the defendant to pay a substantial sum to the plaintiff to settle the legal dispute .L'**accordo** ha richiesto che l'imputato pagasse una somma sostanziale all'attore per risolvere la controversia legale.
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waiver
[sostantivo]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

rinuncia

rinuncia

Ex: Before enrolling in the course , students had to sign a waiver acknowledging the risks .Prima di iscriversi al corso, gli studenti dovevano firmare una **rinuncia** che riconosceva i rischi.
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to nullify
[Verbo]

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

annullare

annullare

Ex: The company ’s failure to comply with the terms will nullify the benefits outlined in the agreement .Il mancato rispetto dei termini da parte dell'azienda **annullerà** i benefici delineati nell'accordo.
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to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

sanzione

sanzione

Ex: The government decided to sanction the trade agreement between the two countries , providing official authorization for the deal .Il governo ha deciso di **sanzionare** l'accordo commerciale tra i due paesi, fornendo l'autorizzazione ufficiale per l'affare.
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to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

applicare

applicare

Ex: Security personnel enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .Il personale di sicurezza **fa rispettare** le regole del luogo per garantire la sicurezza e il divertimento di tutti i partecipanti.
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to issue
[Verbo]

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

distribuire

distribuire

Ex: Can you issue a proclamation for the upcoming event ?Puoi **emettere** un proclama per il prossimo evento?
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to acquit
[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

assolvere

assolvere

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .Il processo di esonero alla fine ha portato alla decisione del tribunale di **assolvere** l'imputato da tutte le accuse.
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to pardon
[Verbo]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

concedere condono

concedere condono

Ex: The clemency petition resulted in the decision to pardon the non-violent offenders .La petizione di clemenza ha portato alla decisione di **grazia** per i delinquenti non violenti.
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to decree
[Verbo]

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

decretare

decretare

Ex: The council decreed new zoning regulations for the residential area .Il consiglio ha **decretato** nuove normative di zonizzazione per l'area residenziale.
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prosecution
[sostantivo]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

accusa

accusa

Ex: He faced a rigorous prosecution, which included multiple trials .Ha affrontato un **processo** rigoroso, che includeva più processi.
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judiciary
[sostantivo]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

giudiziario

giudiziario

Ex: The judiciary operates independently from the executive and legislative branches .La **magistratura** opera indipendentemente dai rami esecutivo e legislativo.
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to violate someone's rights or property

violare

violare

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .Il tribunale ha ritenuto l'imputato colpevole di **violare** i diritti di brevetto di un'azienda concorrente.
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to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

invertire, rovesciare

invertire, rovesciare

Ex: The athlete's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results.La sospensione dell'atleta è stata **rovesciata** dopo un'attenta revisione dei risultati del test antidoping.
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to void
[Verbo]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

invalidare

invalidare

Ex: The company voided the warranty when the product was found to be tampered with .L'azienda ha **annullato** la garanzia quando il prodotto è stato trovato manomesso.
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conviction
[sostantivo]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condanna

condanna

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .È rimasta scioccata dalla sua **condanna**, poiché aveva sempre sostenuto la sua innocenza.
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indictment
[sostantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

accusa

accusa

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .Dopo aver ricevuto l'**atto di accusa**, l'imputato è stato arrestato e preso in custodia dagli agenti delle forze dell'ordine.
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validation
[sostantivo]

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

convalida

convalida

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litigation
[sostantivo]

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

contenzioso

contenzioso

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to outlaw
[Verbo]

to officially state that something is illegal

bandire

bandire

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .Per affrontare le preoccupazioni riguardanti la privacy, il governo ha deciso di **vietare** alcune pratiche di sorveglianza intrusive.
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to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legiferare

legiferare

Ex: The parliament is set to legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .Il parlamento è pronto a **legiferare** un aumento del salario minimo nella prossima sessione.
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notary
[sostantivo]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaio

notaio

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .Il **notaio** ha confermato l'identità dei firmatari e ha assistito alla firma del testamento in conformità con la legge statale.
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legality
[sostantivo]

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

legalità

legalità

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to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

interrogare

interrogare

Ex: The investigator spent hours interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .L'investigatore ha passato ore **interrogando** il sospettato per svelare i motivi dietro l'incidente.
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barrister
[sostantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

avvocato

avvocato

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .
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to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

giudicare

giudicare

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .Lo scorso mese, il mediatore **arbitrava** con persistenza i conflitti tra le parti.
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