المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - القانون

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

محكمة الاستئناف, محكمة الطعن

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

مستأنف, مستأنف قضائي

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

مادة, بند

an additional part of a legal document

الفرع الفرعي, الفقرة الفرعية

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

صك, وثيقة قانونية

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

إفادة خطية, إفادة تحت اليمين

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

أمر قضائي, مذكرة

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

مدعي, داعم القضية

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

محامٍ متخاصم, محامٍ دعاوي

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

تسوية, اتفاق

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

تنازل, إعفاء

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

إلغاء, تصحيح

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

تصريح, إجازة

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

تنفيذ, فرض

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

إصدار, نشر

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

تبرئة

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

عفا, صفح

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

أصدر مرسوماً, أمر بال

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

الملاحقة القضائية, الإدعاء

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

السلطة القضائية, الهيئة القضائية

to violate someone's rights or property

انتهك, خرق

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

إلغاء, نقض

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

إلغاء, إبطال

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

إدانة, حكم إدانه

a formal accusation of a crime

القرار الاتهامي, محاكمة

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

التحقق, الإقرار

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

تقاضي, دعوى قضائية

to officially state that something is illegal

تحظر, تعلن غير قانوني

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

تشريع

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

موثق, كاتب عدل

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

شرعية, قانونية

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

استجواب, تساؤل

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

محامي, مستشار قانوني

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

ت adjudicate, حكم