المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - القانون

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

محكمة الاستئناف

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

مستأنف

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

مقالة

an additional part of a legal document

بند فرعي

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

شىء مكتوب

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

إفادة خطية

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

مذكرة قانونية

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

مدعى

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

محامي قضائي

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

اتفاق رسمي

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

تنازل

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

إنفاذ القاعدة

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

أصدر

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

تبرئة شخص ما

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

صفح

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

آمر

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

مقاضاة

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

السلطة القضائية

to violate someone's rights or property

خرق

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

قلب

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

فرغ

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

إدانة

a formal accusation of a crime

اتهام

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

فاعلية

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

دعوى

to officially state that something is illegal

حظر

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

شرع

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

كاتب العدل

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

شرعية

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

استجوب

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

محام في المحاكم العليا

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

الفصل في مسألة ما