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Kosakata Lanjutan untuk TOEFL - Hukum

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata bahasa Inggris tentang hukum, seperti "pasal", "pengabaian", "membebaskan", dll., yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Mulai belajar
Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
court of appeals
court of appeals
[Kata benda]

a higher court that reviews decisions made by lower courts to determine if there were errors

Pengadilan banding, Mahkamah banding

Pengadilan banding, Mahkamah banding

Ex: Lawyers filed a petition with the court of appeals. 

Para pengacara mengajukan petisi ke pengadilan banding.

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appellant
appellant
[Kata benda]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

pemohon banding, penggugat

pemohon banding, penggugat

Ex: The appellant argued that the lower court made a legal error. 

Pemohon banding berargumen bahwa pengadilan yang lebih rendah melakukan kesalahan hukum.

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article
article
[Kata benda]

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

pasal, klausa

pasal, klausa

Ex: The contract was voided because Article 4 was violated. 
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subclause
subclause
[Kata benda]

an additional part of a legal document

subklausa

subklausa

Ex: The lawyer explained the subclauses in the agreement. 

Pengacara menjelaskan sub-klausul dalam perjanjian.

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writ
writ
[Kata benda]

a formal written order issued by a court requiring someone to do or stop doing something

surat perintah pengadilan, perintah tertulis dari pengadilan

surat perintah pengadilan, perintah tertulis dari pengadilan

Ex: He received a writ ordering him to appear in court. 

Dia menerima writ yang memerintahkannya untuk hadir di pengadilan.

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affidavit
affidavit
[Kata benda]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

pernyataan di bawah sumpah, afidavit

pernyataan di bawah sumpah, afidavit

Ex: Before submitting the document to the court, the attorney carefully reviewed the affidavit to ensure its accuracy and completeness. 

Sebelum menyerahkan dokumen ke pengadilan, pengacara dengan hati-hati meninjau affidavit untuk memastikan keakuratan dan kelengkapannya.

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warrant
warrant
[Kata benda]

an official document authorizing police or another authority to arrest someone, search a place, or take another specified action

surat perintah,  surat penangkapan

surat perintah, surat penangkapan

Ex: Officers entered the building after presenting a search warrant. 
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plaintiff
plaintiff
[Kata benda]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

penggugat, penuntut

penggugat, penuntut

Ex: The plaintiff presented compelling evidence to support their case. 
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litigator
litigator
[Kata benda]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

pengacara litigasi, ahli hukum yang berspesialisasi dalam litigasi

pengacara litigasi, ahli hukum yang berspesialisasi dalam litigasi

Ex: Becoming a litigator requires not only legal expertise but also strong advocacy and negotiation skills. 

Menjadi seorang pengacara litigasi membutuhkan tidak hanya keahlian hukum tetapi juga keterampilan advokasi dan negosiasi yang kuat.

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settlement
settlement
[Kata benda]

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

kesepakatan, penyelesaian

kesepakatan, penyelesaian

Ex: The two companies reached a settlement that resolved the patent infringement lawsuit. 
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waiver
waiver
[Kata benda]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

pelepasan, pengecualian

pelepasan, pengecualian

Ex: He requested a waiver to bypass the standard application fees. 

Dia meminta pembebasan untuk melewati biaya aplikasi standar.

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to nullify
to nullify
[kata kerja]

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

membatalkan, meniadakan

membatalkan, meniadakan

Ex: They sought to nullify the decision based on procedural errors. 

Mereka berusaha untuk membatalkan keputusan berdasarkan kesalahan prosedural.

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to sanction
to sanction
[kata kerja]

to officially approve or permit an action, practice, or activity

menyetujui, mengizinkan

menyetujui, mengizinkan

Ex: Officials sanctioned the construction of the new facility. 
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to enforce
to enforce
[kata kerja]

to make sure that a law, rule, or regulation is obeyed

Ex: Inspectors regularly visit restaurants to enforce health regulations. 
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to issue
to issue
[kata kerja]

to officially start a legal process against someone, often with a document

mengeluarkan, menerbitkan

mengeluarkan, menerbitkan

Ex: The court issued a warrant for his arrest. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[kata kerja]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

membebaskan, menyatakan tidak bersalah

membebaskan, menyatakan tidak bersalah

Ex: Last month, the court acquitted the accused after a thorough trial. 

Bulan lalu, pengadilan membebaskan terdakwa setelah persidangan yang teliti.

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to pardon
to pardon
[kata kerja]

to officially forgive someone for a crime and cancel or reduce the legal punishment

mengampuni,  memaafkan

mengampuni, memaafkan

Ex: The president has the authority to pardon certain federal offenders. 
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to decree
to decree
[kata kerja]

to decide or rule something officially as a court or other legal authority

memutuskan,  memerintahkan

memutuskan, memerintahkan

Ex: The court has decreed that the assets be divided equally. 
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prosecution
prosecution
[Kata benda]

the legal process of officially accusing someone of a crime and trying to prove their guilt in court

penuntutan,  tuntutan hukum

penuntutan, tuntutan hukum

Ex: The company avoided prosecution after agreeing to pay a substantial fine. 
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judiciary
judiciary
[Kata benda]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

yudikatif, kekuasaan kehakiman

yudikatif, kekuasaan kehakiman

Ex: The judiciary is composed of various levels of courts, from local to supreme. 

Kekuasaan kehakiman terdiri dari berbagai tingkatan pengadilan, dari lokal hingga tertinggi.

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to infringe
to infringe
[kata kerja]

to violate someone's rights or property

melanggar, mengganggu

melanggar, mengganggu

Ex: Posting copyrighted material online without permission can infringe intellectual property rights. 

Memposting materi berhak cipta secara online tanpa izin dapat melanggar hak kekayaan intelektual.

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to overturn
to overturn
[kata kerja]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

membatalkan, menggulingkan

membatalkan, menggulingkan

Ex: The new evidence presented in the case may lead to a decision to overturn the conviction. 

Bukti baru yang disajikan dalam kasus ini dapat mengarah pada keputusan untuk membatalkan keyakinan.

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to void
to void
[kata kerja]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

membatalkan, menyatakan tidak sah

membatalkan, menyatakan tidak sah

Ex: The board of directors decided to void the agreement with the supplier due to non-performance. 

Dewan direksi memutuskan untuk membatalkan perjanjian dengan pemasok karena tidak berkinerja.

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conviction
conviction
[Kata benda]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

hukuman

hukuman

Ex: She has no previous criminal convictions. 
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indictment
indictment
[Kata benda]

a formal accusation of a crime

tuduhan, surat dakwaan

tuduhan, surat dakwaan

Ex: The grand jury handed down an indictment, charging the suspect with multiple counts of fraud. 

Juri besar menyerahkan surat dakwaan, menuduh tersangka dengan beberapa tuduhan penipuan.

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validation
validation
[Kata benda]

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

validasi, pengesahan

validasi, pengesahan

Ex: The judge signed the validation of the new law. 

Hakim menandatangani validasi undang-undang baru.

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litigation
litigation
[Kata benda]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

litigasi, prosedur pengadilan

litigasi, prosedur pengadilan

Ex: They avoided litigation by settling out of court. 

Mereka menghindari litigasi dengan menyelesaikan di luar pengadilan.

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to outlaw
to outlaw
[kata kerja]

to officially state that something is illegal

melarang, menyatakan ilegal

melarang, menyatakan ilegal

Ex: The new legislation sought to outlaw discrimination based on gender, race, and sexual orientation. 

Undang-undang baru bertujuan untuk melarang diskriminasi berdasarkan gender, ras, dan orientasi seksual.

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to legislate
to legislate
[kata kerja]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

membuat undang-undang, melegislasi

membuat undang-undang, melegislasi

Ex: In the coming years, governments around the world will need to legislate laws to address emerging technologies. 

Dalam tahun-tahun mendatang, pemerintah di seluruh dunia perlu mengundangkan hukum untuk mengatasi teknologi yang muncul.

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notary
notary
[Kata benda]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaris, pejabat umum

notaris, pejabat umum

Ex: Notaries play a crucial role in verifying the authenticity of signatures and ensuring the legality of documents. 

Notaris memainkan peran penting dalam memverifikasi keaslian tanda tangan dan memastikan keabsahan dokumen.

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legality
legality
[Kata benda]

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

legalitas

legalitas

Ex: The court examined the legality of the company's actions. 

Pengadilan memeriksa keabsahan tindakan perusahaan.

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to interrogate
to interrogate
[kata kerja]

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

menginterogasi

menginterogasi

Ex: The detective decided to interrogate the suspect to uncover details about the crime. 

Detektif memutuskan untuk menginterogasi tersangka untuk mengungkap detail tentang kejahatan.

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barrister
barrister
[Kata benda]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

pengacara, advokat

pengacara, advokat

Ex: After completing law school and passing the bar exam, she began her career as a barrister, specializing in criminal law. 

Setelah menyelesaikan sekolah hukum dan lulus ujian pengacara, dia memulai karirnya sebagai pengacara, yang berspesialisasi dalam hukum pidana.

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to adjudicate
to adjudicate
[kata kerja]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

memutuskan, mengadili

memutuskan, mengadili

Ex: The court will adjudicate the divorce proceedings and decide on matters of custody and assets. 

Pengadilan akan memutuskan proses perceraian dan memutuskan masalah hak asuh dan aset.

Tutup
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